Table 5.
Quantitative comparisons of care-seeking patterns.
| Author | Care-seeking patterns for deaths of neonates (<28 days) | Care-seeking patterns for deaths of children 1–59 months | Care-seeking patterns for deaths of mothers | Main barriers to care-seeking |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D’Ambruoso et al. (2010) [6] | N/A | N/A | 48% of women died at home; 52% died in facility or on way to facility Delay in deciding to seek care: 45% Delay in reaching care: 66% Delay in getting care at facility: 44% |
Poor birth preparedness, unavailable/unsafe/unaffordable transport, fear of the hospital (qualitative) |
| Deshmukh et al. (2016) [7] | Care sought: 47.4% Delay in deciding to seek care: 62.5% |
Care sought: 78.3% Delay in deciding to seek care: 42.3% |
N/A | Difficulty in transit: 46% |
| Hildenwall et al. [8] | N/A | Care sought: 81.2% Deaths at home: 68.8% |
N/A | Difficulties in illness interpretation; Financial constraints (qualitative) |
| Jat et al. (2015) [9] | N/A | N/A | Care sought: 100% Deaths at home: 4.6% Delay in deciding to seek care: 50% |
Illness recognition; transportation problems (qualitative) |
| Kallender et al. (2008) [10] | N/A | Care sought: 86.0% Deaths at home: 32% Deaths en route to facility: 9% |
N/A | > 1 hour walk to nearest health facility: 57% |
| Kallender et al. (2011) [26] | N/A | Uganda: Saw at least one provider: 80.4% Only treated at home: 19.5% Ghana: Saw at least one provider: 80.0% Only treated at home: 12.5% |
N/A | Cost as reason for non-compliance with referral advice: 87% >2 hours travel time to provider: 24% |
| Kalter et al. (2016) [12] | Care sought: 39.7% Care sought at hospital: 6.8% |
N/A | N/A | Cost: 6.0% Distance: 17.3% Transport: 18.6% |
| Koffi et al. (2016) [13] | N/A | Care sought: 88% Died before/en route to provider: 21.4% |
N/A | Cost: 35.4% Distance: 34.5% Lack of Transportation: 30.1% Child not sick enough to warrant care: 41.7% |
| Koffi et al. (2015) [14] | Sought care: 61.1% Deaths at home: 36.6% |
N/A | N/A | Cost: 21–74% (across groups who sought different types of care) Distance: 52–74% Lack of Transport: 49–68% |
| Koffi et al. (2015) [15] | Sought care: 28.0% Deaths at home: 57% |
N/A | N/A | Cost:64–83% (across groups who sought different types of care) Distance:13–31% Lack of Transport:11–31% |
| Njuki et al. (2014) [17] | N/A | N/A | Contact with at least one provider in month preceding death: 89.9% Deaths at home: 59.6% |
Cost; Distance to facility; Poor referral systems (qualitative) |
| Nonyane et al. (2016) [18] | Sought care: 53.2% Sought formal care first: 27.5% |
N/A | N/A | Cost: 59.4% Distance: 11% Too late at night to travel: 12% Believed neonate would die anyway: 12.7% Believed traditional medicine was more appropriate: 15.8% |
| Tlebere et al. (2007) [19] | N/A | Many babies were seen at the facility and sent home the same day they died (qualitative) | 67% of maternal deaths occurred in the hospital | Cost; No money for transportation; Belief about cause of illness; Lack of awareness of danger signs (qualitative) |
| Upadhyay et al. (2012) [20] | Sought care: 76% Delay in deciding to seek care: 44% Delay in reaching care (transport): 34% Delay in getting care at facility: 28% |
N/A | N/A | Cost: 9.1% Care won’t benefit baby: 22.7% Delay due to belief in home treatment: 36.4% Inability to recognize danger signs: 31.2% Distance to facility: 23.5% |
| Waiswa et al. (2010) [21] | Sought care: 46% Delay in deciding to seek care: 50% Delay in reaching care (transport): 20.3% Delay in getting care at facility: 29.7% |
N/A | N/A | Lack of recognition of danger signs: 50% |