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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 8.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2017 May 10;545(7654):305–310. doi: 10.1038/nature22075

Figure 4. CCMs fail to form in most germ-free mice.

Figure 4

a, Experimental design in which offspring of susceptible Krit1fl/fl females were fostered to conventional or germ-free Swiss-Webster mothers. b, Hindbrains from P10 offspring fostered in conventional (4/8 shown, top) or germ-free conditions (8/8 shown, bottom). c, Lesion volume quantitation of iECre;Krit1fl/fl hindbrains following C-section/fostering in conventional or germ-free conditions. d, Relative quantitation of neonatal gut bacterial load measured by qPCR of bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies. e, Relative quantitation of Krit1 mRNA in lung endothelial cells (LEC) measured by qPCR. Red boxes indicate values for the single germ-free animal with significant lesions. Scale bars, 1 mm. Error bars shown as s.e.m. and significance determined by unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test. ****indicates p<0.0001; n.s. indicates p>0.05.