Tab. 2.

Examples of commonly aberrantly methylated genes in CRC

Gene	Protein	Effect of aberrant methylation
APC	Adenomatous polyposis coli	increased of WNT signaling
ADAM23	Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain- containing protein 23	alteration in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions
CDKN2A	p14/ARF	decreased p53 activation
CDKN2A	p16/INK4a	increased cell proliferation
CDH1	E-cadherin	loss of cell adhesion
CDH13	cadherin-13	increased PI3K/Akt/mTOrR signaling
CXCL12	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12	increased tumor cell metastases
DCC	deleted in colorectal cancer	inhibition of apoptosis
DAPK	death associated protein kinase	interferon gamma signaling and TNF alpha signaling
HLTF	Helicase-like transcriptor factor	alteration in chromatin structure
HACE1	HECT domain and ankyrin repeat-containing ubiquitin ligase	loss of tumor suppressor gene
IRF8	Interferon Regulatory Factor 8	interferon signaling
MLHl†	MutL Homolog 1	microsatellite instability
MGMT	O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase	Increased G>A mutation frequency
MINT clones	Methylated in tumor locus	NA
RASSFla	Ras association domain family 1 (isoform A)	Increased RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling
RUNX3*†	Runt-related transcription factor 3	Decreased TGF-beta signaling
SOCS1*†	Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1	increased of JAK/STAT3 signaling
SFRP1-2	Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1	Increased WNT signaling
SEPT9	Septin 9	Impaired cytokinesis
SERF1	Small EDRK-Rich Factor 1A	Increased WNT signaling
VIM	Vimentin	NA
NEUROG1*†	Neurogenin 1	Increased WNT signaling
CRABPl†	Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1	Increased WNT signaling
IGF2*†	Insulin Like Growth Factor 2	Increased WNT signaling
CACNA1G*†	Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 G	Increased WNT signaling
SLC5A8	Solute Carrier Family 5 Member 8	NA

^†Ogino’s panel to define CIMP status

^*Weisenberger’s panel to define CIMP status