Table 1.
Characteristics of participants for the overall sample and stratified by sex/gender. Results reported in means (SD) unless otherwise specified.
| Variable | Overall sample (n=1724) | Men (n=807) | Women (n=917) | P-value* (difference - women/men) |
| Age (years) | 69.1 (2.9) | 69.1 (2.9) | 69.0 (2.8) | 0.678 |
| Resilience score | 80.8 (11.4) | 81.3 (11.0) | 80.3 (11.7) | <0.096 |
| Income sufficiency n (%) | 967 (56.5%) | 472 (58.8%) | 495 (54.5%) | 0.070 |
| Childhood economic adversities | 0.226 | |||
| 0 | 917 (53.3%) | 408 (50.6%) | 509 (55.6%) | |
| 1 | 479 (27.8%) | 239 (29.6%) | 240 (26.2%) | |
| 2 | 225 (13.1%) | 109 (13.5%) | 116 (12.7%) | |
| 3 | 101 (5.87%) | 50 (6.3%) | 51 (5.5%) | |
| Childhood social adversities | 0.009 | |||
| 0 | 1323 (76.8%) | 635 (78.8%) | 688 (75.1%) | |
| 1 | 246 (14.3%) | 115 (14.3%) | 131 (14.3%) | |
| 2 | 113 (6.6%) | 47 (5.8%) | 66 (7.2%) | |
| 3 | 40 (2.3%) | 9 (1.1%) | 31 (3.4%) | |
| Social support from friends n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| No friends | 314 (18.4%) | 160 (19.8%) | 154 (17.1%) | |
| Low support | 378 (22.0%) | 213 (26.7%) | 165 (18.0%) | |
| High support | 1024 (59.6%) | 430 (53.5%) | 594 (64.9%) | |
| Social support from children n(%) | 0.229 | |||
| No children | 154 (8.9%) | 63 (9.0%) | 91 (10.2%) | |
| Low support | 429 (25.0%) | 210 (25.8%) | 219 (23.8%) | |
| High support | 1136 (66.1%) | 533 (66.2%) | 603 (66.0%) | |
| Social support from partner n(%) | <0.001 | |||
| No partner | 581 (34.2%) | 134 (16.6%) | 447 (49.0%) | |
| Low support | 349 (19.7%) | 178 (22.1%) | 171 (18.5%) | |
| High support | 793 (46.1%) | 495 (62.3%) | 298 (32.5%) | |
| Social engagement Median (quartile range) | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | <0.001 |
Income sufficiency was dichotomized by whether income meets needs or not; social support from friends, children, and partner variables were measured using IMIAS-Social Networks and Social Support. Social engagement score ranges from 0 to 3. *Significance tested between women and men using t-test for continuous variables, median non-parametric test for medians, and chi-square for categorical variables.