Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants (n=1,237)
| MetS− | MetS+ | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at baseline (y) | 39.8±14.4 | 46.4±14.1 | 0.001 |
| Men (%) | 34.1 | 43.7 | 0.001 |
| Smoking (%) | 6.9 | 11.1 | 0.011 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.3±3.9 | 28.0±3.5 | 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 83.8±10.9 | 93.1±9.6 | 0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 87.9±16.9 | 94.1±22.0 | 0.001 |
| Serum triglycerides1) (mg/dL) | 97.5 (94.6~100) | 136 (129~141) | 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 46.7±10.7 | 41.2±9.0 | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 108±14.4 | 115±15.2 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 69.2±9.05 | 73.6±8.8 | 0.001 |
| Serum creatinine | 1.03±0.16 | 1.05±0.15 | 0.044 |
| Serum NOx1) (μmol/L) | 25.5 (24.5~26.3) | 27.6 (26.0~29.1) | 0.001 |
| Total L-arginine (g/d) | 4.1±1.5 | 4.0±1.5 | 0.55 |
| L-arginine from animal sources (g/d) | 1.7±0.94 | 1.9±1.0 | 0.12 |
| L-arginine from plant sources (g/d) | 2.3±1.8 | 2.1±1.8 | 0.18 |
MetS, metabolic syndrome; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NOx, nitrate and nitrite.
Data are mean±SD.
1)
Data are geometric mean (95% confidence interval).