Table 2.

School Discipline Interventions

	Common features of traditional interventions (e.g., zero-tolerance)	An approach that increases displays of respect from authorities
What they say	We have zero tolerance for misbehavior Any misbehavior will be met with harsh punishment Punishments for repeat offenses will escalate	There is the high standard for behavior and achievement here; • We believe you have the potential to meet this standard If you make mistakes, it’s part of the learning process Here is how we plan to support you as we work together to meet this high standard
How they say it	Clearly communicating prohibitions (e.g. “no fighting” signs on the walls) Systems for accounting for bad behavior (e.g., demerit systems, token economies) Vigilant supervision by in-school police officers, hall monitors, etc.	Creating a context of respect with multiple adults, in which adults know students’ core values and are empathic about underlying causes of behavior Procedural justice: fair application of rules Opportunities to learn and grow after mistakes

Note: Common features of zero tolerance interventions abridged from published descriptions of programs (American Psychological Association Zero Tolerance Task Force, 2008; Heitzeg, 2009)