Table 2.

Correlations^a of cord plasma retinol and β-carotene, α-and γ-tocopherols with leptin, adiponectin, IGF-I and IGF-II in newborns (n = 248).

ra	Retinol	β-Carotene	α-Tocopherol	γ-Tocopherol	γ-:α- Tocopherol ratio
Leptin	0.11	−0.07	0.01	−0.15 c	−0.13 c
Adiponectin	0.02	0.05	−0.13 c	−0.08	0.02
IGF-I	0.25 b,e	−0.07	−0.10	−0.01	0.07
IGF-II	0.05	−0.09	−0.02	0.03	0.04
Birth weight	0.16 c	−0.11	−0.07	0.01	0.06

^aData presented are partial correlation coefficients between vitamins and biomarkers in log-transformed data adjusting for gestational age at blood sampling.

^bThere were differential correlations between cord plasma retinol and IGF-I by infant sex: r = 0.42 (p < 0.0001) for girls, and r = 0.14 (p = 0.11) for boys (P = 0.003 for interaction). There was no evidence of differential correlations by infant sex or ethnicity (White, others) for all other correlations.

^c P < 0.05; ^d P < 0.0025; ^e P < 0.001; if accounting for multiple tests, P < 0.0025 were considered statistically significant.