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. 2018 Jan 8;8:39. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18327-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TRAF2 enhances breast cancer tumour cell growth in vitro and in vivo. (A,B) In vitro cell migration of parental human MDA-231 (MDA-P) cells overexpressing (MDA-P-T2^OE) and deficient (MDA-P-T2^KD1 and T2^KD2) in TRAF2 or their control (MDA-mock) after 6 hours as assessed by wound healing assay. Representative photomicrographs from the experiment described are shown in panel B. (C,D) In vitro cell invasion of parental MDA overexpressing TRAF2 (MDA-P-T2^OE) cells or their control (MDA-P^mock). Representative photomicrographs from the experiment described are shown in panel D. (E) In vitro cell viability of parental human MDA-P cells overexpressing (MDA-P-T2^OE) and deficient (MDA-P-T2^KD1 and T2^KD2) in TRAF2 or their control (MDA-mock) after 48 hours as assessed by AlamarBlue assays. (F) Graphic representation of orthotropic injection of parental human MDA-231 overexpressing TRAF2 cells into the mammary fat pads of adult mice (n = 7, 55 days). (G) In vivo tumour growth from the experiment described in panel F. (H) Percentage bone metastases from the experiment described in panel F. **p < 0.01.