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. 2018 Jan 8;8:39. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18327-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TRAF2 enhances level of tumour-derived osteolytic factors. (A) Graphic representation of supracalvarial injection of conditioned medium (CM) from the osteotropic human MDA-231 overexpressing TRAF2 (MDA-BT-T2^OE) cells or their control (MDA-BT ^mock) (n = 7, 5 days) in immunocompetent mice. (B) In vivo osteolysis from the experiment described in panel A. (C) Representative microCT scans of mouse calvarial bone from experiment described in A. (D) Graphic representation of mouse calvarial organ co-culture system. (E) Ex vivo osteolysis as measured by loss of bone volume in mouse calvaria bone after exposure to conditioned medium (20% v/v) from the osteotropic human MDA-231 overexpressing TRAF2 (MDA-BT-T2^OE) cells or their control (MDA-BT ^mock) (n = 8, 7 days). (F) Representative microCT scans of mouse calvaria bone from experiment described in D. (G) Osteoclast and osteoblast numbers from the experiment described in D. (H) Catalogue of differentially expressed inflammatory mediators in conditioned medium from mock control or TRAF2 overexpressing (MDA-BT-T2^OE) human breast cancer cells as assessed by Proteome Profiler Human XL Cytokine Array Kit. (I) Venn-diagram of differentially expressed osteolytic, osteoblastic and breast cancer mediators in conditioned medium from the experiment described in panel G. **p < 0.01.