. 2018 Jan 4;8:2177. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02177

Table 1.

Metabolite contents for wild type (WT) and transgenic A. thaliana expressing Chi, CWP2, and Chi-CWP2.

Metabolites	WT^a	Chi^a	CWP2^a	Chi-CWP2^a	WT^b	Chi^b	CWP2^b	Chi-CWP2^b
SUGARS
Fructose	3.17 ± 0.72^c	4.06 ± 1.06	3.61 ± 0.89	4.06 ± 0.45	3.83 ± 0.78	4.83 ± 0.89	4.61 ± 0.83	4.28 ± 0.50
myo-inositol	3.94 ± 0.50	2.89 ± 0.61^*	3.61 ± 0.67	5.44 ± 0.67	3.72 ± 0.67	3.78 ± 0.67	4.50 ± 0.39^*	5.11 ± 0.44^*
α-glucose	21.83 ± 4.28	30.67 ± 3.72^*	21.33 ± 2.11	26.28 ± 1.83	22.39 ± 1.61	23.72 ± 2.33	31.28 ± 2.22^*	33.06 ± 1.83^*
α-galactose	8.11 ± 2.94	7.44 ± 1.94	7.22 ± 2.39	8.94 ± 2.17	9.22 ± 1.28	9.83 ± 2.17	10.56 ± 2.17	10.00 ± 1.00
Sucrose	0.18 ± 0.06	0.20 ± 0.06	0.28 ± 0.06	0.28 ± 0.06	0.22 ± 0.06	0.27 ± 0.06	0.33 ± 0.11	0.33 ± 0.06
AMINO ACIDS
Isoleucine	4.73 ± 0.92	5.04 ± 1.37	5.88 ± 1.07	5.73 ± 0.61	6.79 ± 0.53	7.33 ± 1.68	7.18 ± 0.92	7.33 ± 1.68
Valine	6.75 ± 1.20	6.67 ± 1.71	8.12 ± 1.54	8.55 ± 0.85	9.32 ± 0.77	10.00 ± 2.22	9.57 ± 1.45	10.17 ± 1.79
Threonine	14.37 ± 1.93	14.62 ± 2.77	14.71 ± 0.92	16.05 ± 2.10	17.48 ± 1.09	19.08 ± 2.61	21.18 ± 2.02^*	16.47 ± 2.10
Alanine	11.96 ± 2.36	14.88 ± 4.04	14.16 ± 2.25	12.06 ± 1.35	22.36 ± 1.69	17.65 ± 4.49	18.87 ± 2.81^*	15.06 ± 2.36^*
Proline	8.66 ± 1.53	10.88 ± 1.71	10.35 ± 2.66	10.56 ± 1.05	10.39 ± 1.88	12.02 ± 1.88	12.45 ± 1.76^*	12.87 ± 1.23^*
Glutamine	32.53 ± 4.86	32.88 ± 5.00	36.30 ± 6.10	36.58 ± 4.04	35.34 ± 1.92	36.58 ± 5.68	41.10 ± 4.52	37.53 ± 4.32
Aspartate	11.88 ± 1.73	9.40 ± 2.41	10.68 ± 1.20	12.04 ± 0.90	15.11 ± 1.50	15.86 ± 1.80	14.74 ± 1.43	16.52 ± 2.26
Asparagine	49.4 ± 6.99	50.30 ± 3.03	62.88 ± 10.00^*	83.18 ± 7.65^*	71.59 ± 6.06	75.45 ± 7.58	75.38 ± 7.20	82.80 ± 4.47^*
Phenylalanine	5.04 ± 1.35	6.24 ± 1.27	6.61 ± 1.03	10.85 ± 1.58^*	5.82 ± 0.55	7.76 ± 1.33^*	8.12 ± 0.61^*	12.18 ± 0.97^*
Trytophan	3.43 ± 0.44	3.09 ± 0.39	3.53 ± 0.44	4.56 ± 0.34^*	3.58 ± 0.34	4.36 ± 0.49	4.07 ± 0.44	5.15 ± 0.49^*
Tyrosine	1.63 ± 0.27	1.38 ± 0.37	1.73 ± 0.20	2.13 ± 0.18	1.80 ± 0.12	1.88 ± 0.38	1.92 ± 0.21	2.51 ± 0.23^*
Histidine	1.61 ± 0.19	0.71 ± 0.19^**	1.48 ± 0.13	2.06 ± 0.19^*	1.55 ± 0.06	1.74 ± 0.19	1.87 ± 0.13	2.26 ± 0.13^*
γ-aminobutyrate	11.46 ± 1.84	12.72 ± 0.78	12.08 ± 2.62	12.72 ± 1.17	16.99 ± 1.17	14.56 ± 1.55^*	13.69 ± 1.36^*	13.50 ± 1.36^*
ORGANIC ACIDS
Pyruvate	8.07 ± 1.83	8.58 ± 1.82	7.91 ± 0.50	9.27 ± 1.04^*	10.71 ± 1.49	11.60 ± 2.63	11.82 ± 1.98	12.34 ± 1.62^*
Succinate	5.66 ± 0.68	5.59 ± 0.85	6.36 ± 0.85	5.59 ± 0.34	5.85 ± 0.59	6.53 ± 0.93	6.69 ± 0.68	7.12 ± 0.93^*
Malate	13.51 ± 1.12	14.16 ± 1.27	14.33 ± 1.04	15.90 ± 1.42	16.64 ± 1.49	22.09 ± 1.57^*	20.45 ± 1.27^*	24.48 ± 1.87^*
Citrate	26.61 ± 2.66	24.48 ± 2.19	30.73 ± 3.28	39.48 ± 3.49^*	18.02 ± 1.88	30.99 ± 2.40^*	28.39 ± 2.24^*	38.96 ± 5.10^*
Fumarate	6.38 ± 0.43	8.45 ± 0.69^*	7.50 ± 0.52^*	5.86 ± 0.52	5.78 ± 0.69	6.21 ± 0.60	6.90 ± 0.60	7.41 ± 0.60^*
NUCLEOSIDE/TIDES
Uridine	2.42 ± 0.82	2.46 ± 0.94	2.17 ± 0.45	2.05 ± 0.53	2.54 ± 0.25	2.87 ± 1.15	2.87 ± 0.57	3.07 ± 0.53^*
Adenosine	2.85 ± 0.90	2.85 ± 1.61	2.85 ± 0.82	3.11 ± 1.01	2.88 ± 0.97	3.18 ± 0.90	3.18 ± 0.56	3.52 ± 0.75
Inosine	0.11 ± 0.04	0.11 ± 0.04	0.11 ± 0.04	0.15 ± 0.04	0.11 ± 0.04	0.12 ± 0.04	0.13 ± 0.04	0.15 ± 0.04
Hypoxanthine	0.37 ± 0.07	0.37 ± 0.07	0.37 ± 0.07	0.37 ± 0.07	0.29 ± 0.07	0.33 ± 0.07	0.33 ± 0.07	0.35 ± 0.07
CHOLINE METABOLITES
Choline	9.17 ± 0.83	10.32 ± 1.16	9.83 ± 0.99	9.74 ± 0.66	12.55 ± 0.83	11.73 ± 1.07	11.65 ± 0.53	10.16 ± 0.66^*
Betaine	5.79 ± 0.82	6.14 ± 0.77^*	5.46 ± 0.79	7.53 ± 0.70	6.82 ± 0.68	7.44 ± 0.97	7.60 ± 0.43^*	9.36 ± 0.65^*
Ethanolamine	11.78 ± 1.47	13.26 ± 1.80	13.42 ± 1.80	13.51 ± 1.64	13.22 ± 0.98	12.18 ± 1.96	13.37 ± 1.31	12.97 ± 1.47

Inoculated with water.

Inoculated with FG.

Mean ± SD, μmol/g freeze-dried plants.

p < 0.05,

^**

p < 0.01 compared with wild-type.