Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the participants of healthy pregnancies, and GDM and SGA complicated pregnancies.
| Characteristics | Control (n = 73) | GDM (n = 11) | SGA (n = 20) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-value | p-value | |||||
| Maternal age (years)a | 33.0 ± 5.6 | 32.7 ± 7.1 | 0.90 | 30.8 ± 4.5 | 0.06 | |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2, at booking)b | 26.2 ± 5.7 | 27.4 ± 5.6 | 0.19 | 23.0 ± 6.1 | 0.002 | |
| Gestational age (weeks)a | 39.9 ± 1.1 | 38.6 ± 0.8 | <0.001 | 39.1 ± 0.8 | 0.001 | |
| Placenta weight (grams)a | 693 ± 138 | 676 ± 106 | 0.37 | 547 ± 106 | <0.001 | |
| Birthweight (grams)a | 3537 ± 457 | 3403 ± 345 | 0.26 | 2752 ± 252 | <0.001 | |
| Head circumference (cm)b | 35.3 ± 2.8 | 35.1 ± 1.1 | 0.36 | 33.2 ± 1.4 | <0.001 | |
| Baby length (cm)b | 51.5 ± 3.5 | 51.0 ± 1.7 | 0.13 | 49.0 ± 1.9 | <0.001 | |
| Ethicity n (%)c | Asian | 6 (8.2) | 3 (27.3) | 4 (20.0) | ||
| European | 46 (63.0) | 6 (54.5) | 12 (60.0) | |||
| Indian | 8 (11.0) | 0 (0) | 3 (15.0) | |||
| Pacific Islander | 13 (17.8) | 2 (18.2) | 0.21 | 1 (5.0) | 0.67 | |
| Infant Sex n (%)c | Male | 38 (52.1) | 5 (45.5) | 11 (55.0) | ||
| Female | 35 (47.9) | 6 (54.5) | 0.93 | 9 (45.0) | 0.64 | |
aP-value was determined by student’s t-test: bP-value was determined by Mann-Whitney test;: cP-value was determined by Chi-squared test. P-values represent the difference in the clinical characteristics between controls and GDM/SGA.