Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants
| Evaluable participants (N = 191) | |
|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD), months | 39.84 ± 17.76 |
| Female, n (%) | 92 (48.2) |
| Weight (mean ± SD), kg | 14.67 ± 3.83 |
| Height (mean ± SD), cm | 96.04 ± 13.10 |
| Age distribution, n (%) | |
| 6–11 months | 14 (7.3) |
| 12–23 months | 29 (15.2) |
| 24–35 months | 32 (16.8) |
| 36–47 months | 38 (19.9) |
| 48–59 months | 52 (27.2) |
| 60–71 months | 26 (13.6) |
| Indications observed, n (%) | |
| Cough | 151 (79.1) |
| Wheezing | 86 (45.0) |
| Pathologic auscultation | 74 (38.7) |
| Infiltrates/atelectasis (diagnosed by X-ray) | 131 (68.6) |
| Any pre-existing respiratory conditions, n (%) | |
| Asthma | 72 (37.7) |
| Pneumonia | 114 (59.7) |
| Bronchiolitis | 85 (44.5) |
| Bronchiectasis | 15 (7.9) |
| Bronchitis | 143 (74.9) |
| Rhinitis | 15 (7.9) |
| Pre-existing otitis media conditions, n (%) | |
| Acute otitis media | 53 (27.8) |
| Otitis media with effusion or “glue ear” | 6 (3.1) |
| Otitis media with perforation and discharge | 8 (4.2) |
| Relevant vaccination history, n (%) | |
| Any PCVa | 168 (88.0) |
| ≥ 2 doses of PCV7 | 13 (6.8) |
| ≥ 2 doses of PCV13 or PHiD-CV | 120 (62.8) |
| Hib vaccine, ≥ 2 doses | 186 (97.4) |
| Influenza vaccine, ≥ 1 dose | 58 (30.4) |
| Antibiotic takenb, n (%) | 153 (80.1) |
| Penicillin | 83 (43.5) |
| Amoxicillin/ clavulanate | 76 (39.8) |
| Azithromycin | 57 (29.8) |
| Cephalosporins | 24 (12.6) |
| Clarithromycin | 8 (4.2) |
| Otherc | 6 (3.0) |
N, number of children included in the analyses; SD, standard deviation; n (%), number (percentage) of children in each category; PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV7/13, 7/13-valent PCV; PHiD-CV, pneumococcal polysaccharide non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine; Hib, Haemophilus influenzae type b
aTwo children received one dose of a polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine and four doses of PCV13 at subsequent vaccinations
bIn the period ≥ 2 weeks and < 6 months prior to enrollment in the study
cOther antibiotics were ciprofloxacin (taken by two children) and erythromycin, clindamycin, linezolid, and meropenem (each taken by one child)