Table 2.
Socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics
| All N = 73 |
Low Adherers N = 13 |
Actiona
N = 29 |
Maintenance N = 31 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Mean age | 44.1 | 37.8 | 44.7 | 45.3 | |
| Gender | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | |
| Male | 64 (47) | 31 (4) | 62 (18) | 81 (25) | |
| Female | 33 (24) | 62 (8) | 34 (10) | 19 (6) | |
| Transgender (further information not collected) | 3 (2) | 7 (1) | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Sexual identity | |||||
| Straight | 49 (36) | 86 (11) | 51 (15) | 32 (10) | |
| Gay | 40 (29) | 7 (1) | 34 (10) | 58 (18) | |
| Bi-sexual | 10 (7) | 7 (1) | 0 (0) | 6 (2) | |
| Don’t know | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 15 (4) | 3 (1) | |
| Race | |||||
| Black | 58 (42) | 69 (9) | 62 (18) | 48 (15) | |
| White | 16 (12) | 0 (0) | 17 (5) | 23 (7) | |
| Not reported | 26 (19) | 31 (4) | 21 (6) | 29 (9) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 23 (17) | 23 (3) | 21 (6) | 26 (8) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 77 (56) | 77 (10) | 79 (23) | 74 (23) | |
| Education levels | |||||
| Some or no high school | 31 (23) | 54 (7) | 38 (11) | 16 (5) | |
| High school/GED | 25 (18) | 23 (3) | 21 (6) | 29 (9) | |
| Some college or associate degree | 34 (25) | 23 (3) | 34 (10) | 39 (12) | |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 10 (7) | 0 (0) | 7 (2) | 16 (5) | |
| Income | |||||
| $10,000 or less | 52 (38) | 77 (10) | 59 (17) | 35 (11) | |
| >$10,000 </=$40,000 | 29 (21) | 23 (3) | 34 (10) | 26 (8) | |
| >$40,000 </=$80,000 | 12 (9) | 0 (0) | 4 (1) | 26 (8) | |
| >$80,000 | 5 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 13 (4) | |
| Missing | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| ART naïve at baseline | 18 (13) | 0 (0) | 14 (4) | 29 (9) | |
| % of follow-up VLs suppressed | 85 | 37 | 89 | 100 | |
| Mean # of gift cards received | 5.1 | 2.1 | 5.4 | 6.0 | |
| Behavioral characteristics (based on qualitative analysis) | |||||
| When diagnosed | |||||
| At least 20 years ago (1980s–1992) | 22 (16) | 23 (3) | 17 (5) | 26 (8) | |
| Some time ago (1993–2006) | 36 (26) | 31 (4) | 38 (11) | 35 (11) | |
| Recently (since 2007) | 34 (25) | 38 (5) | 38 (11) | 29 (9) | |
| Unclear | 8 (6) | 8 (1) | 7 (2) | 10 (3) | |
| Diagnosed as an infant/child | 10 (7) | 31 (4) | 3 (1) | 6 (2) | |
| Pre-contemplation: described delay initiating ART | 31 (23) | 16 (2) | 34 (10) | 35 (11) | |
| Ever relapsed | 22 (16) | 31 (4) | 24 (7) | 16 (5) | |
| Adherence problems experienced (past/present) | |||||
| Pill-related (memory, side effects) | 49 (36) | 69 (9) | 52 (15) | 39 (12) | |
| Psychosocial (stigma, depression, stress) | 30 (22) | 46 (6) | 31 (9) | 23 (7) | |
| Structural (insurance, housing, drugs, jail) | 23 (17) | 38 (5) | 28 (8) | 13 (4) | |
| Any current adherence problems | 52 (38) | 85 (11) | 55 (16) | 35 (11) | |
| Expressed intrinsic motivation | 91 (67) | 92 (12) | 93 (27) | 90 (28) | |
| Motivated by FI to change behavior | 23 (17) | 23 (3) | 38 (11) | 10 (3) | |
| Found FI to be a nice reward | 27 (20) | 8 (1) | 48 (14) | 16 (5) | |
| Uses adherence aids | 70 (51) | 69 (9) | 79 (23) | 61 (19) | |
aIncludes two current relapsers who moved from VS to 57 and 71% of tests being virally suppressed