Table 4.
Odds ratios (95% CIs) of birth registration by different models, Lao PDR
| Birth registration | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3 c | ||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||||
| Maternal factors | ||||||||||
| Maternal age | ||||||||||
| 15–19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 20–29 | 1.45 | 1.21 | 1.73*** | 1.45 | 1.21 | 1.73*** | 1.35 | 1.12 | 1.64*** | |
| 30–39 | 1.67 | 1.37 | 2.02*** | 1.67 | 1.37 | 2.02*** | 1.54 | 1.24 | 1.91*** | |
| 40–49 | 1.83 | 1.41 | 2.37*** | 1.83 | 1.41 | 2.37*** | 1.49 | 1.06 | 2.10** | |
| Maternal educational attainment | ||||||||||
| No education | ||||||||||
| Primary | ||||||||||
| Secondary | ||||||||||
| Higher | ||||||||||
| Ever experienced loss of a child | ||||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Yes | 0.86 | 0.76 | 0.96** | 0.86 | 0.76 | 0.96** | ||||
| Household factors | ||||||||||
| Father’s educational attainment | ||||||||||
| No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Primary | 1.05 | 0.91 | 1.19 | 1.05 | 0.91 | 1.19 | 0.96 | 0.81 | 1.13 | |
| Secondary | 1.19 | 1.02 | 1.40 * | 1.19 | 1.02 | 1.40 ** | 1.11 | 0.92 | 1.35 | |
| Higher | 2.04 | 1.37 | 3.05*** | 2.04 | 1.37 | 3.05*** | 2.03 | 1.30 | 3.18*** | |
| Ethnicity of HHH | ||||||||||
| Lao | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Khmu | 1.08 | 0.82 | 1.41 | 1.08 | 0.82 | 1.41 | 0.86 | 0.62 | 1.18 | |
| Khmer | 0.37 | 0.20 | 0.68*** | 0.37 | 0.20 | 0.68*** | 0.42 | 0.19 | 0.92** | |
| Other | 0.63 | 0.52 | 0.77*** | 0.63 | 0.52 | 0.77*** | 0.59 | 0.47 | 0.75*** | |
| Ethno-linguistics of HHH | ||||||||||
| Lao-Thai | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Mon-Khmer | 1.40 | 1.14 | 1.72*** | 1.40 | 1.14 | 1.72*** | 1.64 | 1.27 | 2.12*** | |
| Hmong-Mien | 1.20 | 0.67 | 2.18 | 1.20 | 0.67 | 2.18 | 1.12 | 0.51 | 2.44 | |
| Chinese-Tibetan | 1.20 | 0.93 | 1.56 ** | 1.20 | 0.93 | 1.56 | 1.07 | 0.77 | 1.47 | |
| Religion of HHH | ||||||||||
| Buddhist | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Animist | 0.89 | 0.75 | 1.05 | 0.89 | 0.75 | 1.05 | ||||
| Other | 1.51 | 0.96 | 2.40** | 1.51 | 0.96 | 2.40* | ||||
| Wealth index quintiles | ||||||||||
| Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 2nd quintile | 1.00 | 0.88 | 1.13 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 1.13 | ||||
| 3rd quintile | 1.34 | 1.15 | 1.57*** | 1.34 | 1.15 | 1.57*** | ||||
| 4th quintile | 1.40 | 1.16 | 1.70*** | 1.40 | 1.16 | 1.70*** | ||||
| Wealthiest | 2.78 | 2.05 | 3.77*** | 2.78 | 2.05 | 3.77*** | ||||
| Community factors | ||||||||||
| Settlement | ||||||||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Rural w/ road | 0.62 | 0.52 | 0.74 *** | 0.62 | 0.52 | 0.74*** | 0.63 | 0.51 | 0.77*** | |
| Rural w/o road | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.49*** | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.49*** | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.49*** | |
| Delivery factors | ||||||||||
| Delivery place | ||||||||||
| Hospital | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Health center | 0.53 | 0.38 | 0.76*** | |||||||
| Private facility | 1.56 | 0.54 | 4.55 | |||||||
| Home | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.56*** | |||||||
| Other | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.22*** | |||||||
| SBA assisted | ||||||||||
| No | ||||||||||
| Yes | ||||||||||
| N | 9576 | 9576 | 5778 | |||||||
| Log likelihood | 10,127.238 | 10,127.238 | 6589.391 | |||||||
| X2 test for model | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | |||||||
| Hosmer-Lemeshow | 0.369 | 0.369 | 0.233 | |||||||
CI: confidence interval; HHH: head of household; OR: odds ratio; SBA: skilled birth attendant
*p < .10, ** p < .05, *** p < .01
aModel 1: maternal, household and community variables only
bModel 2: maternal, household, community variables and birth attendance
cModel 3: maternal, household, community variables, birth attendance and delivery place