Table 4.
Pooled prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in HIV-infected patients
| No. of studies | No. of HIV-infected patients | No. of patients with Cryptosporidium co-infection | Prevalence of Cryptosporidium co-infection (95% CI) (%) | Heterogeneity | Univariate meta-regression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-value | I2 (%) | Coefficient (95% CI) (%) | P-value | |||||
| Region | 0.20 (0.01–0.38) | 0.039 | ||||||
| Western and central Europe and North America | 10 | 28,283 | 1042 | 7.3 (5.4–9.2) | < 0.0001 | 97.0 | ||
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 35 | 5313 | 1105 | 21.1 (16.1–26.1) | < 0.0001 | 98.5 | ||
| Asia and the Pacific | 45 | 7529 | 896 | 12.6 (10.5–14.7) | < 0.0001 | 94.1 | ||
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 10 | 1272 | 121 | 13.0 (7.3–18.7) | < 0.0001 | 94.0 | ||
| Middle East and North Africa | 4 | 702 | 43 | 4.7 (0.5–8.8) | < 0.0001 | 88.1 | ||
| Eastern Europe and central Asia | 2 | 119 | 76 | 60.1 (24.1–96.1) | < 0.0001 | 94.4 | ||
| Income level | < 0.0001 | 0.12 (-0.12–0.37) | 0.328 | |||||
| Low income | 16 | 2559 | 460 | 19.7 (13.3–26.1) | < 0.0001 | 96.6 | ||
| Middle income | 76 | 11,559 | 1722 | 14.8 (13.3–16.4) | < 0.0001 | 97.5 | ||
| High income | 14 | 29,100 | 1101 | 7.7 (6.0–9.5) | < 0.0001 | 96.2 | ||
| Patients with diarrhea | < 0.0001 | 0.19 (0.05–0.33) | 0.009 | |||||
| Yes | 34 | 4232 | 625 | 18.2 (14.6–21.7) | < 0.0001 | 97.3 | ||
| Mixed | 66 | 37,517 | 2306 | 11.8 (10.6–13.0) | < 0.0001 | 96.7 | ||
| na | 6 | 1469 | 352 | 29.4 (12.4–46.4) | < 0.0001 | 98.7 | ||
| Total | 106 | 43,218 | 3283 | 14.0 (13.0–15.0) | < 0.0001 | 97.6 | ||
Abbreviations: Yes, patients with diarrhea; Mixed, including patients with or without diarrhea; na, not applicable (parameter not provided)