. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 9.

Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res. 2017 Aug 2;109(18):1482–1493. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1086

Table 2.

Adjusted odds ratio estimates of the association between EHE95(Yes/No)/EHE90(Yes/No) and NTDs by climate region, NBDPS, 1997–2007

Climate Region	Cases/Controls who experienced EHE95	EHE95 aOR (95% CI) ^*	Cases/Controls who experienced EHE90	EHE90 aOR (95% CI) ^*

	n		n
South (AR, TX)	18/141	0.74 (0.42, 1.29)	17/151	0.62 (0.35, 1.10)
Southeast (NC, GA)	18/103	1.13 (0.63, 2.02)	14/104	0.78 (0.42, 1.46)
Northeast (NY)	6/40	1.32 (0.48, 3.63)	4/42	0.73 (0.23, 2.28)
Southwest (UT)	13/70	0.97 (0.44, 2.15)	14/73	0.99 (0.44, 2.21)
West (CA)	19/101	0.57 (0.31, 1.04)	24/117	0.56 (0.31, 1.00)
Upper Midwest (IA)	18/83	1.21 (0.63, 2.32)	18/78	1.29 (0.67, 2.49)

Overall NBDPS	92/538	0.93 (0.71, 1.21)	91/565	0.82 (0.62, 1.07)

Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race/ethnicity, and maternal body mass index (BMI)

EHE95 = extreme heat event defined as at least two consecutive days with daily universal apparent maximum temperature above the 95^th percentile of the universal apparent maximum temperature distribution for the summer season and for climate region; EHE90 = extreme heat event defined as at least three consecutive days with daily universal apparent maximum temperature above the 90^th percentile of the universal apparent maximum temperature distribution for the summer season and for climate region; aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; AR = Arkansas; TX = Texas; NC = North Carolina; GA = Georgia; NY = New York; UT = Utah; CA = California; IA = Iowa; NBDPS = National Birth Defects Prevention Study