Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics in Subjects with MetS and without MetS
| With MetS n = 384 (34.4%) |
Without MetS n = 731 (65.6%) |
P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.7 ± 9.2 | 61.1 ± 9.7 | 0.0001 |
| Gender | 0.05 | ||
| Women | 206 (53.6%) | 347 (47.5%) | |
| Men | 178 (46.4%) | 384 (52.5%) | |
| Residence | 0.0001 | ||
| Rural | 244 (63.5%) | 539 (73.7%) | |
| Urban | 140 (36.5%) | 192 (26.3%) | |
| Education | 0.219 | ||
| High school or lower | 193 (50.3%) | 341 (46.6%) | |
| Graduated from high school | 150 (39.1%) | 324 (44.3%) | |
| University degree | 41 (10.7%) | 66 (9.0%) | |
| Marital status | 0.152 | ||
| Currently married | 260 (67.7%) | 531 (72.6%) | |
| Never married | 20 (5.2%) | 40 (5.5%) | |
| Divorced or widower | 104 (27.1%) | 160 (21.9%) | |
| Employment status | 0.002 | ||
| Currently employed | 71 (18.5%) | 188 (25.7%) | |
| Currently unemployed | 43 (11.2%) | 108 (14.8%) | |
| Retired/disabled | 270 (70.3%) | 435 (59.5%) | |
| Current smoking | 0.329 | ||
| Non-smokers | 266 (69.3%) | 478 (65.4%) | |
| Smokes 1–9 cigarettes/day | 19 (4.9%) | 54 (7.4%) | |
| Smokes 10–19 cigarettes/day | 38 (9.9%) | 69 (9.4%) | |
| Smokes ≥20 cigarettes/day | 61 (15.9%) | 130 (17.8%) | |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.024 | ||
| Non-consumers | 54 (14.1%) | 71 (9.7%) | |
| Several times/year | 210 (54.7%) | 384 (52.5%) | |
| Monthly or more | 120 (31.2%) | 276 (37.8%) | |
| Physical activity a | 0.0001 | ||
| Several times/month or more | 75 (19.5%) | 124 (17.0%) | |
| Several times/year | 75 (19.5%) | 256 (35.0%) | |
| Non-active | 234 (60.9%) | 351 (48.0%) | |
| Past medical histories | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 33 (8.6%) | 29 (4.0%) | 0.001 |
| Stroke | 26 (6.8%) | 28 (3.8%) | 0.030 |
| Cardiovascular disorders | 275 (71.6%) | 388 (53.1%) | 0.0001 |
| Respiratory disorders | 138 (35.9%) | 232 (31.7%) | 0.157 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders | 131 (34.1%) | 241 (33.0%) | 0.70 |
| Musculoskeletal disorders | 204 (53.1%) | 387 (52.9%) | 0.953 |
| Neurological disorders | 86 (22.4%) | 175 (23.9%) | 0.563 |
| Genitourinary tract disorders | 110 (28.6%) | 187 (25.6%) | 0.271 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 45 (11.7%) | 8 (1.1%) | 0.0001 |
| Other endocrine disorders | 103 (26.8%) | 118 (16.1%) | 0.0001 |
| Other diseases | 135 (35.2%) | 231 (31.6%) | 0.230 |
| Current medication use | |||
| ACE inhibitors | 144 (37.5%) | 97 (13.3%) | 0.0001 |
| Beta-blockers | 41 (10.7%) | 29 (4.0%) | 0.0001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 43 (11.2%) | 26 (3.6%) | 0.0001 |
| Other medication | 98 (25.5%) | 107 (14.6%) | 0.0001 |
| Current MINI mental disorders | |||
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 116 (30.2%) | 153 (20.9%) | 0.001 |
| Major Depressive Episode | 97 (25.3%) | 104 (14.2%) | 0.0001 |
Values are expressed as no. of subjects (%) or mean ± SD
ACE angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, MINI Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, SD standard deviation
aAt least 30 min of physical exercise per day
* p value were calculated using independent sample t-test or Pearson’s chi-squared test
In bold p values <0.05