Table 4.
Multilevel logistic regression (Random effects, sub-level: DISTRICT) (coefficients)
| (1) Knowledge of indigent exemptions | (2) Application of indigent exemptions (recoded) | (3) Knowledge of delivery exemptions | (4) Application of delivery exemptions (recoded) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex female (base: male) | −0.048 | (0.2897) | −0.096 | (0.4238) | 0.178 | (0.1849) | 0.342 | (0.1927) |
| Education (base: Senior high school) | ||||||||
| No education or primary | −0.662 | (0.7971) | −0.866 | (1.1117) | 0.258 | (0.4038) | 0.352 | (0.4069) |
| Junior high school | 0.210 | (0.2557) | 0.056 | (0.3718) | 0.563*** | (0.1648) | 0.472** | (0.1710) |
| Higher education | 0.0795 | (0.3801) | 0.707 | (0.4665) | −0.517 | (0.3084) | −0.225 | (0.3122) |
| Age (centred) | 0.0063 | (0.0212) | −0.016 | (0.0298) | −0.026 | (0.0146) | −0.026 | (0.0152) |
| Type of health worker (base: Midwife (midwife/birth attendant/assistant midwife (AA, AB)) | ||||||||
| Nurse (IDE, IB, nursing assistant) or medical doctor | 0.030 | (0.3423) | −0.187 | (0.5488) | 0.207 | (0.2166) | 0.316 | (0.2283) |
| Mobile health worker (AIS) | 0.436 | (0.3535) | 1.181* | (0.5422) | 0.372 | (0.2137) | 0.564* | (0.2215) |
| Head of health facility | 0.922** | (0.3271) | 2.031*** | (0.5065) | 0.076 | (0.2203) | 0.180 | (0.2293) |
| Years worked at facility (centred) | −0.010 | (0.0452) | 0.003 | (0.0685) | −0.018 | (0.0314) | −0.030 | (0.0334) |
| Absence in past 30 days (centred) | 0.008 | (0.0178) | 0.039 | (0.0217) | −0.024 | (0.0141) | −0.022 | (0.0146) |
| Performance feedback received during past 12 months | 0.262 | (0.2441) | 0.194 | (0.3623) | −0.039 | (0.1593) | −0.121 | (0.1663) |
| Training – emergency obstetric and neonatal care | 0.026 | (0.5235) | −0.991 | (1.0983) | −0.050 | (0.3274) | −0.417 | (0.3655) |
| Training – facility (financial) management | 0.122 | (0.6932) | −0.624 | (1.1343) | −0.409 | (0.5998) | −0.554 | (0.6689) |
| Influence on decisions | −0.059 | (0.0378) | −0.057 | (0.0551) | 0.012 | (0.0260) | 0.005 | (0.0269) |
| Control over facility | 0.100* | (0.0463) | −0.000 | (0.0645) | 0.118*** | (0.0300) | 0.098** | (0.0310) |
| Urban (base: Rural) | 0.509 | (0.3352) | 0.403 | (0.5115) | −0.027 | (0.2365) | 0.117 | (0.2459) |
| Health facility level (base: Primary) | ||||||||
| Secondary | −0.398 | (0.5728) | −0.471 | (1.0077) | −0.640 | (0.3812) | −0.782 | (0.4219) |
| Private/other | 0.299 | (0.8557) | 0.711 | (1.1867) | 1.040 | (0.5336) | 0.351 | (0.6395) |
| # of clinical staff | −0.056 | (0.0767) | −0.158 | (0.1175) | −0.001 | (0.0516) | −0.061 | (0.0558) |
| Share of indigents (aggr. by district) | −3.335 | (3.1934) | −5.359 | (5.6452) | 5.954** | (1.8221) | 4.921* | (2.0305) |
| Constant | −2.993*** | (0.8719) | −3.459* | (1.3780) | −3.416*** | (0.5658) | −3.113*** | (0.6109) |
| lnsig2u | 0.142 | (0.4145) | 1.032* | (0.5047) | −0.642 | (0.4059) | −0.378 | (0.3955) |
| sigma_u | 1.074 | (0.2225) | 1.675 | (0.4228) | 0.726 | (0.1472) | 0.828 | (0.1637) |
| rho | 0.259 | (0.0797) | 0.460 | (0.1254) | 0.138 | (0.0483) | 0.172 | (0.0564) |
| Observations | 1345 | 1314 | 1345 | 1343 | ||||
| Wald chi2(20) | 31.64* | 43.58** | 79.55*** | 69.38*** | ||||
| LR ratio test of rho, chibar2(01) | 72.53*** | 67.76*** | 56.43*** | 68.18*** | ||||
Standard errors in parentheses. Significance levels: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001