Table 2.
Estimated unadjusted and adjusted beta coefficients of positive-interaction parenting and related characteristics among primiparous mothers with children 0–23 month-old
| Teen Mothers N = 49,050 | Optimal Age Mothers N = 748,683 | Advanced Age Mothers N = 100,137 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted βa (95%CI)b |
Adjusted βa (95%CI)b |
Unadjusted βa (95%CI)b |
Adjusted βa (95%CI)b |
Unadjusted βa (95%CI)b |
Adjusted βa (95%CI)b |
|
| Maternal Socio-Demographic Characteristics | ||||||
| Mother’s Age at Childbirth | .11 (−.10, .32) | .02 (−.001, .04) | −.01 (−.12, .10) | |||
| Ever Immigrants of Canada1 | .15 (−.92, 1.21) | −.53 (−.83, −.23) | −.42 (−.71, −.14) | −.30 (−.87, .28) | ||
| Married/With Partner2 | .24 (−0.24, .71) | .33 (−.02, .68) | −.17 (−.69, .35) | |||
| Resides in Urban Population3 | −.06 (−.70, .57) | −.09 (−.26, .08) | −.29 (−.83, .25) | |||
| Postsecondary/Part University4 Bachelor Degree or higher4 |
.13 (−.40, .65) N/A |
.35 (.10, .61)
.48 (.19, .77) |
.27 (.02, .53)
.39 (.08, .71) |
−.10 (−.75, .55) −.14 (−.83, .56) |
||
| Household Income | .01 (−.003, .02) | .002 (.001, .004) | .001 (−.002, .004) | |||
| Working Part-time5 Working Full-time5 |
.19 (−.36, .75) −.22 (−.88, .45) |
.19 (−.38, .77) −.31 (−.96, .34) |
.19 (−.02, .40) −.02 (−.22, .18) |
.15 (−.05, .36) −.09 (−.29, .10) |
−.39 (−1.07, .29) −.24 (−.79, .31) |
|
| Maternal Health and Social Characteristics | ||||||
| Very good/Excellent Health6 | .86 (.38, 1.34) | .77 (.22, 1.31) | .15 (−.02, .32) | −.41 (−.78, −.03) | −.62 (−1.04, −.20) | |
| Depression | −.04 (−.09, .01) | −.05 (−.07, −.03) | −.03 (−.05, −.01) | −.07 (−.13, −.01) | −.07 (−.13, −.01) | |
| Family Functioning | −.06 (−.10, −.01) | −.05 (−.10, −.01) | −.06 (−.07, −.04) | −.05 (−.06, −.03) | −.05 (−.10, −.01) | |
| Social Support | .03 (−.05, .11) | .06 (.04, .08) | .08 (.03, .14) | .08 (.03, .13) | ||
| Devoted to Religion8 | .27 (−.21, .75) | −.20 (−.35, −.04) | −.19 (−.33, −.04) | −.28 (−.69, .13) | ||
| Child Characteristics | ||||||
| Age of Child (months) | −.05 (−.10, .01) | −.04 (−.05, −.02) | −.03 (−.05, −.01) | −.06 (−.09, −.02) | −.05 (−.09, −.01) | |
| Female Child9 | −.46 (−.92, −.01) | −.02 (−.18, .14) | −.34 (−.76, .09) | |||
| Used Child Care7 | −.04 (−.56, .48) | −.26 (−.42, −.09) | −.29 (−.48, −.10) | −.30 (−.71, .11) | ||
| Improved Health6 | .34 (−.66, 1.33) | .44 (.08, .79) | .59 (−.54, 1.72) | |||
| Overall Temperament | .01 (−.14, .17) | .01 (−.0003, .01) | −.002 (−.09, .08) | −.003 (−.08, .07) | ||
| Survey Data | ||||||
| Cycle 5 (2002–2003)10 Cycle 6 (2004–2005)10 Cycle 7 (2006–2007)10 Cycle 8 (2008–2009)10 |
.24 (−.31, .80) −.29 (−.94, .36) −.30 (−1.07, .46) .29 (−0.18, .76) |
.28 (.11, .46) −.09 (−.28, .10) −.13 (−.35, .10) .12 (−.05, .30) |
.35 (.12, .59)
.05 (−.20, .30) −.12 (−.43, .19) .05 (−.20, .31) |
.23 (−.27, .73) .15 (−.30, .60) −.18 (−.87, .51) −.27 (−.71, .17) |
||
Values represent unstandardized beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals in parentheses estimated using population weights. Bolded values in the table denote significance
aSample size and beta coefficients were estimated using population weights
b95% Confidence Interval (CI) and standard error values were calculated using bootstrap weights
1Reference category: Non-immigrants- Canadian born; 2Reference: non-married; 3Reference: rural population; 4Reference: High school or less; 5Reference: Not working; 6Reference: Good/Fair/Poor perceived health status; 7Reference: No child care used; 8Reference: No devotion to religion; 9Reference: Male 10Reference: Cycle 4 (2000–2001)