Table 1.
Self-reported associated factors for recurrent non-specific low back pain (n = 532)
| Variable | LBP (%) | No LBP (%) | Χ 2 (1) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| School bag use | ||||
| Yes | 151 (98.7) | 374 (98.7) | 0.00 | 0.99 |
| No | 2 (1.3) | 5 (1.3) | ||
| Total | 153 | 379 | ||
| Perceptions of bag weight | ||||
| Average | 60 (39.7) | 153 (40.9) | 0.06 | 0.80 |
| Heavy | 72 (47.7) | 41 (11) | 85.9 | <0.001 |
| Light | 19 (12.6) | 180 (48.1) | 57.7 | <0.001 |
| Total | 151 | 374 | ||
| Duration of carriage | ||||
| <5 min | 8 (5.3) | 77 (20.6) | 18.5 | <0.001 |
| 5–10 min | 14 (9.3) | 81 (21.7) | 11.1 | <0.001 |
| 11–20 min | 19 (12.6) | 74 (19.8) | 3.83 | 0.05 |
| 21–30 min | 49 (32.5) | 78 (20.9) | 5.70 | 0.02 |
| >30 min | 61 (40.4) | 64 (17.1) | 32.2 | <0.001 |
| Total | 151 | 374 | ||
| Method of carriage | ||||
| Hands | 27 (17.9) | 74 (19.8) | 0.25 | 0.62 |
| Back | 68 (45) | 152 (40.6) | 0.85 | 0.36 |
| Shoulders | 56 (37.1) | 148 (39.6) | 0.28 | 0.60 |
| Total | 151 | 374 | ||
| Sports participation | ||||
| Yes | 50 (32.7) | 167 (44.1) | 5.85 | 0.02 |
| No | 103 (63.7) | 212 (55.1) | ||
| Total | 153 | 379 | ||
| Weekly sport duration | ||||
| <2 hrs | 24 (48) | 16 (9.6) | 37.8 | <0.001 |
| 2–4 hrs | 14 (28) | 36 (21.6) | 0.9 | 0.34 |
| 5–6 hrs | 8 (16) | 55 (32.9) | 5.36 | 0.02 |
| 7–10 hrs | 2 (4) | 55 (32.9) | <0.001* | |
| >10 hrs | 2 (4) | 5 (3.0) | 0.66* | |
| Total | 50 | 167 | ||
| Current smokers | ||||
| Yes | 4 (2.6) | 13 (3.4) | 0.23 | 0.63 |
| No | 149 (97.4) | 366 (96.6) | ||
| Total | 153 | 379 | ||
| Time spent sitting/day | ||||
| <2 hrs | 14 (9.2) | 61 (16.1) | 4.34 | 0.04 |
| 3–4 hrs | 47 (30.7) | 23 (60.9) | 39.9 | <0.001 |
| 5–6 hrs | 70 (45.8) | 43 (11.3) | 77.1 | <0.001 |
| 7–10 hrs | 20 (13.1) | 33 (8.7) | 2.32 | 0.13 |
| >10 hrs | 2 (1.3) | 11 (2.9) | 1.16 | 0.28 |
| Total | 153 | 379 | ||
*Fisher exact two tailed test