Table 2.

Patient characteristics at study recruitment

Patient	Sex	Age	Diagnosisa	Primary clinical features	Sequence
A	M	26	Complex IV deficiency	progressive loss of walking ability due to muscle weakness, visual impairment, retinal dystrophy, hearing loss, no decrease in intellectual function	Control, Washout, Vibration
B	F	3	Complex I & III deficiency	non-ambulatory (except when cruising), seizure disorder, hypotonia, developmental delay	Vibration, Washout, Control
C	M	61	Ragged red fiber disease	muscle weakness, pain	Control, Washout, Vibration
D	F	42	Complex I, IV & V deficiency	imbalance, muscle weakness, pain	Vibration, Washout, Control
E	F	36	SANDO Syndrome (POLG1)b	progressive decrease in ambulation due to muscle weakness, fatigue	Vibration, Washout, Control
F	F	80	MELAS Syndromec	muscle weakness, progressive loss of ambulation, no decrease in intellectual function	Control, Washout, Vibration
G	F	55	mtDNA Deletion Syndromed	muscle weakness, fatigue	Vibration, Washout, Control

SANDO Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and opthalmoparesis, POLG1 DNA polymerase subunit gamma 1, MELAS mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, mtDNA mitochondrial DNA. ^a each diagnosis was confirmed from analyzed skeletal muscle biopsies, ^bSANDO Syndrome (POLG1) A467T & C1143G compound heterozygote, ^cMELAS m.3243A > G, ^dNovel m.6342–14,004 mtDNA deletion