Table 2. Patient population and infection rates.

		Procedures		Infections		P-value
		No.	%	No.	%
Total		762		33	4.3
Gender	male	356	46.7	20	5.6
	female	406	53.3	13	3.2	ns
Age	<1 year	99	13.0	13	13.1	0.000
	1–17 years	230	30.2	7	3.0
	>17 years	433	56.8	13	3.0
Prematurity	yes	37	37.4	6	16.2
	no	62	62.6	7	11.3	ns
Protocol	control group	263	34.5	18	6.8
	Intervention group	499	65.5	15	3.0	0.023
Surgeon	staff	516	67.7	25	4.8
	resident	246	32.3	8	3.3	ns
Previous surgery <30 days	yes	132	17.3	10	7.6
	no	630	82.7	23	3.7	0.057
Type of surgery	new shunt	338	44.4	11	3.3
	revision	424	55.6	22	5.2	ns
Etiology	aqueductal stenosis	15	2.0	0	0
	congenital	92	12.1	5	5.4
	dysrafia	113	14.8	6	5.3
	IIH	74	9.7	0	0
	NPH	72	9.4	0	0
	miscellaneous	43	5.6	1	2.3
	posthemorrhgaic	201	26.4	13	6.5
	postinfectious	26	3.4	1	3.8
	posttraumatic	17	2.2	1	5.9
	tumor	109	14.3	6	5.5	ns

P: chi square test, ns = not significant, IIH = idiopathic intracranial hypertension; NPH = normal pressure hydrocephalus