Table 2.

Associations of parental AUD with time in years from birth to offspring first use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and sexual debut.

HR=hazard ratio; “ ≤ age 12” and other age notations indicate that interactions with age were modeled because the hazard associated with parental AUD or parental separation varied significantly with offspring age (e.g., parental separation was associated with greater risk for first drink at age 12 and younger [HR=2.16] than at age 13 and older [HR=1.23]). Model 1 is unadjusted, Model 2 adjusted for externalizing (CD or ODD), internalizing/suicidality (lifetime major depressive disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, suicidal ideation), assaultive trauma (one or more of stabbed, shot, mugged, kidnapped/held captive, threatened with a weapon, robbed), nonassaultive trauma (one or more of life-threatening accident, disaster, witnessing someone seriously injured or killed, and unexpectedly finding a dead body), family income, sex, race/ethnicity, case status of family, birth cohort. Results with all control variables are available in Supplemental Table 3.