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. 2018 Jan 6;7(1):1–28. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v7.i1.1

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©The Author(s) 2018. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Average extracellular fluid volume estimates expressed as percentages of total body water. I-V: Tracer dilution estimates[46]; I: Sucrose, thiosulfate; II: Mannitol, sulfate; III: Bromide, chloride; IV: Sodium; V: Thiocyanate; VI-VII: Newer techniques; VI: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry[130]; VII: Bioelectrical impedance[115]; VIII: Simultaneous determination of total body potassium and total body water[195]; IX, X: Glomerular filtration rate markers; IX: Inulin[139]; X: Iothalamate[147]. ECFV: Extracellular fluid volume; TBW: Total body water.