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. 2018 Jan 9;9:108. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02575-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — System setup. A solenoidal microcoil (1) is embedded within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix and encompassing the outlet part of a double-inlet (‘A’ and ‘B’) Y-shaped channel; the PDMS block fitting in a 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) holder. The holder holds a bracket with capacitors connected to the RF circuit and everything is placed inside the magnet (2). Samples can be injected via the two inlets by means of syringe pumps (3). The PDMS matrix is transparent to the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum allowing efficient irradiation using an optical fibre that guides the light beam from a laser diode positioned outside of the magnet (4). When the target sample (denoted ‘T’) is irradiated in the presence of a photosensitizer (e.g., a flavin, ‘F’), a radical pair (5) is formed by a proton or electron abstraction initiated by the photoexcited flavin, and the photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) effect results in a dramatic enhancement of the target sample’s NMR signal (6 and 7)