Table 2.
The sex differences in risk factors of colonic diverticulosis on univariate analyses.
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Div (+) (n = 148) | Div (−) (n = 1,896) | P values | Div (+) (n = 70) | Div (−) (n = 2,272) | P values | |
| Age, (years), mean (SD) | 59.5 (10.6) | 52 (14.5) | <0.001 | 58.0 (11.8) | 54.6 (12.9) | 0.029 |
| Age (years), n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| ≤39 | 6 (4.0) | 285 (15.0) | 10 (14.3) | 309 (13.6) | ||
| 40–49 | 18 (12.2) | 440 (23.2) | 6 (8.6) | 283 (12.5) | ||
| 50–59 | 49 (33.1) | 548 (28.9) | 12 (17.1) | 772 (33.9) | ||
| 60–69 | 49 (33.1) | 169 (8.9) | 24 (34.3) | 731(32.2) | ||
| ≥70 | 26 (17.6) | 454 (24.0) | 18 (25.7) | 177 (7.8) | ||
| Education (years), n (%) | 0.971 | 0.999 | ||||
| ≤6 | 14 (9.5) | 158 (8.3) | 6 (8.6) | 191 (8.4) | ||
| 7–9 | 35 (23.6) | 461 (24.3) | 17 (24.3) | 553 (24.3) | ||
| 10–Dec | 37 (25.0) | 479 (25.3) | 18 (25.7) | 574 (25.3) | ||
| >12 | 62 (41.9) | 798 (42.1) | 29 (41.4) | 954 (42.0) | ||
| Residence, n (%) | 0.243 | 0.619 | ||||
| Urban | 114 (77.0) | 1,535 (81.0) | 55 (78.6) | 1,839 (80.9) | ||
| Rural | 34 (23.0) | 361 (19.0) | 15 (21.4) | 433 (19.1) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.6 (3.4) | 24.2 (3.1) | 0.105 | 24.5 (3.8) | 22.9 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| BMI, n (%) | 0.105 | <0.001 | ||||
| <25 | 86 (58.1) | 1,227 (64.7) | 41 (58.6) | 1,793 (78.9) | ||
| 25–30 | 52 (35.1) | 597 (31.5) | 19 (27.1) | 393 (17.3) | ||
| >30 | 10 (6.8) | 72 (3.8) | 10 (14.3) | 86 (3.8) | ||
| Exercise habit, n (%) | 0.483 | 0.181 | ||||
| ≤3 times/week | 58 (39.2) | 799 (42.1) | 44 (62.9) | 1,237 (54.4) | ||
| >3 times/week | 90 (60.8) | 1,097 (57.9) | 26 (37.1) | 1,035 (45.6) | ||
| Red Meat, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.83 | ||||
| <100 g/d | 99 (66.9) | 1,495 (78.9) | 65 (92.9) | 2,073 (91.2) | ||
| ≥100 g/d | 49 (33.1) | 401 (21.1) | 5 (7.1) | 199 (8.8) | ||
| Smoking index, n (%) | 0.009 | <0.001 | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 67 (45.3) | 1,095 (57.8) | 65 (92.8) | 2,249 (99.0) | ||
| <400 | 30 (20.3) | 264 (13.9) | 1 (1.4) | 11 (0.5) | ||
| ≥400 | 51 (34.4) | 537 (28.3) | 4 (5.8) | 12 (0.5) | ||
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0.153 | 0.199 | ||||
| Non-drinker | 121 (81.8) | 1,427 (75.3) | 70 (100) | 2,245 (98.8) | ||
| Light/moderate drinker | 7 (4.7) | 89 (4.7) | 0 (0) | 27 (1.2) | ||
| (1–350 g/week) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Heavy drinker (≥351 g/week) | 20 (13.5) | 380 (20.0) | ||||
| Hypertension | 42 (28.4) | 329 (17.4) | 0.002 | 23 (32.9) | 405 (17.8) | 0.003 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (8.8) | 138 (7.3) | 0.512 | 8 (11.4) | 135 (5.9) | 0.071 |
| Coronary heart disease | 10 (6.8) | 84 (4.4) | 0.217 | 5 (7.1) | 106 (4.7) | 0.381 |
| Colonic polyps | 81 (54.7) | 949 (50.1) | 0.306 | 42 (60.0) | 877 (38.6) | 0.01 |
| Upper gastrointestinal diseases | 12 (8.1) | 139 (7.3) | 0.728 | 5 (7.1) | 159 (7.0) | 0.963 |
| Hepato-biliary diseases | 5 (3.4) | 87 (4.6) | 0.494 | 5 (7.1) | 81 (3.6) | 0.117 |
| Dyslipidemia | 4 (2.7) | 42 (2.2) | 0.571 | 4 (5.7) | 60 (2.6) | 0.122 |
| Rheumatologic diseases | 9 (6.1) | 37 (2.0) | 0.001 | 10 (14.3) | 33 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Miscellaneous | 14 (9.5) | 172 (9.1) | 0.874 | 10 (14.3) | 193 (8.5) | 0.09 |
| NSAIDs | 24 (16.2) | 91 (4.8) | <0.001 | 10 (14.3) | 115 (5.1) | 0.003 |
| Corticosteroid | 4 (2.7) | 21 (1.1) | 0.102 | 3 (4.3) | 29 (1.3) | 0.068 |
| PPIs | 11 (7.4) | 112 (5.9) | 0.47 | 5 (7.1) | 164 (7.2) | 1 |
| Mucosal protective drugs | 35 (23.6) | 397 (20.9) | 0.464 | 24 (34.3) | 583 (25.7) | 0.127 |
| Antihypertension medications | 40 (27.0) | 323 (17.0) | 0.004 | 22 (31.4) | 400 (17.6) | 0.006 |
| Hypoglycemic medications | 15 (10.0) | 134 (7.1) | 0.186 | 7 (10.0) | 131 (5.8) | 0.188 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or number (percentage).
Div (−): patients without diverticulosis.
Div (+): patients with diverticulosis.
BMI body mass index, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PPIs proton pump inhibitors.