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. 2018 Jan 9;8:182. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18468-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effect of PLY on mitochondrial calcium, caspase-3/7 activation, membrane potential and opening of mPTP. (A) Representative time-lapse images of A549 cells loaded with the mitochondrial calcium sensor Rhod2-AM (red) and stimulated with 1.0 µg/ml PLY in the presence of the caspase-3/7 sensor (green). Scale bar represents 25 µm. (B) Quantification of mitochondrial calcium changes (Rhod2 F/F₀ ratios) in cells stimulated with 1.0 µg/ml and 0.1 µg/ml PLY or left untreated (mean ± SD from n = 5 independent experiments). (C) Quantification of caspase-3/7 induction (F/F₀ ratios) in cells stimulated with PLY as described above or left untreated (mean ± SD from n = 3 independent experiments). (D) Quantification of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRE F/F₀ ratios) in cells stimulated with PLY as described above or left untreated (mean ± SD from n = 3 independent experiments). (E) Opening of the mPTP (F/F₀ ratios) in cells stimulated with the indicated amount of PLY or left untreated (mean ± SD from n = 3 independent experiments).