Table 3.
Studies reporting hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence among populations at high risk in Iran.
Author, year (citation) | Year(s) of data collection | City or country of survey | Study site | Study design | Study sampling procedure | Population | Sample size | HCV prevalence (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdollahi, 2008199 | 2003 | NS | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 174 | 83.3 |
Aghakhani, 2009200 | NS | Tehran | NS | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 106 | 67.0 |
Aghakhani, 2009200 | NS | Tehran | NS | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 289 | 3.1 |
Akbari, 2011201 | 2003–2004 | Shiraz | Thalassemia center | CC | SRS | Thalassemia patients | 200 | 25.0 |
Alavi, 2005202 | 2002 | Tehran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 110 | 11.8 |
Alavi, 2007203 | 2001–2003 | Ahvaz | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | PWID with HIV | 104 | 74.0 |
Alavi, 2009204 | 2001–2006 | Ahvaz | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 142 | 52.1 |
Alavi, 2012110 | NS | Tehran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CC | Conv | Thalassemia patients (<18) | 90 | 13.3 |
Alavia, 2003205 | NS | Ghazvin | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | NS | NS | Thalassemia patients | 95 | 24.2 |
Alavian, 2003206 | 2000–2001 | NS | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 176 | 60.2 |
Alavian, 200894 | 1999 | National | NS | NS | NS | Hemodialysis patients | NS | 14.4 |
Alavian, 200894 | 2000 | National | NS | NS | NS | Hemodialysis patients | NS | 11.2 |
Alavian, 200894 | 2001 | National | NS | NS | NS | Hemodialysis patients | NS | 8.8 |
Alavian, 200894 | 2002 | National | NS | NS | NS | Hemodialysis patients | NS | 8.2 |
Alavian, 200894 | 2003 | National | NS | NS | NS | Hemodialysis patients | NS | 6.7 |
Alavian, 200894 | 2004 | National | NS | NS | NS | Hemodialysis patients | NS | 5.6 |
Alavian, 200894 | 2005 | National | NS | NS | NS | Hemodialysis patients | NS | 4.8 |
Alavian, 200894 | 2006 | National | NS | NS | NS | Hemodialysis patients | NS | 4.5 |
Alavian, 2015112 | 2012 | Isfahan | Hemodialysis units | CC | Conv | Hemodialysis units | 274 | 0 |
Alipour, 201361 | 2003–2011 | Shiraz | Counseling centers | CS | Conv | HIV patients (male) | 215 | 17.7 |
Alipour, 201361 | 2003–2011 | Shiraz | Counseling centers | CS | Conv | HIV patients (female) | 1,230 | 89.1 |
Alipour, 2013207 | NS | Mixed (Shiraz, Tehran, Mashhad) | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID (male) | 226 | 38.6 |
Alipour, 201367 | 2011 | Shiraz | Counseling centers | CS | SRS | HIV patients | 168 | 87.5 |
Alizadeh, 2005208 | 2002 | Hamedan | Prison | CS | SRS | PWID | 149 | 31.5 |
Alizadeh, 2006209 | NS | Hamadan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | NS | Hemophilia patients | 66 | 59.1 |
Ameli, 2008210 | 2006 | Mazandaran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 65 | 16.9 |
Amin-Esmaeili, 201257 | 2006–2007 | Tehran | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 895 | 34.5 |
Amiri, 2005211 | 2001 | Guilan | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 298 | 24.8 |
Ansar, 2002114 | 1997–1998 | Rasht | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | SRS | Thalassemia patients (female) | 50 | 62.0 |
Ansar, 2002114 | 1997–1998 | Rasht | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | SRS | Thalassemia patients (male) | 55 | 65.0 |
Ansar, 2002114 | 1997–1998 | Rasht | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | SRS | Hemophilia patients | 93 | 55.9 |
Ansari, 2007212 | 2005–2006 | Shiraz | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients (female) | 400 | 16.0 |
Ansari, 2007212 | 2005–2006 | Shiraz | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients (male) | 406 | 12.8 |
Asl, 2013213 | 2003–2005 | Alborz | Prisons | Coh | Conv | PWID | 150 | 69.3 |
Assarehzadegan, 2012214 | 2008–2009 | Ahvaz | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 87 | 54.0 |
Ataei, 2010215 | 2008–2009 | Isfahan | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 3,284 | 38.0 |
Ataei, 201053 | 1998–2007 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 130 | 77.0 |
Ataei, 2011216 | NS | Isfahan | Prison, drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 1,485 | 43.4 |
Ataei, 2011217 | NS | Isfahan | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 136 | 19.8 |
Ataei, 2012218 | 1996–2011 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 463 | 8.0 |
Azarkeivan, 2010219 | 1996–2005 | Tehran | Thalassemia center | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 395 | 27.5 |
Azarkeivan, 2011220 | 2008 | Tehran | Thalassemia center | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 695 | 24.5 |
Azarkeivan, 201245 | 1996–2009 | Tehran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | Coh | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 395 | 7.6 |
Babamahmoodi, 2012221 | 2008–2010 | Mazandaran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 80 | 58.8 |
Basiratnia, 2010222 | 1999 | Shahrekord | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | NS | NS | Thalassemia patients (female) | 50 | 22.0 |
Basiratnia, 2010222 | 1999 | Shahrekord | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | NS | NS | Thalassemia patients (male) | 63 | 23.8 |
Boroujerdnia, 2009223 | 2006–2007 | Khuzestan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 206 | 28.1 |
Bozorghi, 2006224 | 2004 | Ghazvin | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 89 | 6.7 |
Bozorgi, 2008225 | 2005 | Ghazvin | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 207 | 24.2 |
Broumand, 2002226 | NS | Tehran | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 548 | 19.6 |
Company, 2007227 | 2005–2006 | Ahvaz | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 195 | 20.5 |
Dadgaran, 2005228 | NS | Guilan | Hemodialysis units | NS | NS | Hemodialysis patients | 393 | 17.8 |
Dadmanesh, 2015229 | 2012–2013 | Tehran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 138 | 0 |
Davarpanah, 2013230 | 2006–2007 | Shiraz | Counseling centers | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 226 | 86.7 |
Davoodian, 2009231 | 2002 | Tehran | Prisons | CS | SRS | PWID | 249 | 64.8 |
Eghbalian, 2000232 | NS | Hamedan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | NS | Thalassemia patients (<15) | 53 | 34.0 |
Esfahani, 2014233 | 2012 | Hamedan | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 89 | 49.4 |
Eskandarieh, 2013234 | NS | Tehran | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 258 | 65.9 |
Eslamifar, 2007235 | 2006 | Tehran | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 77 | 6.5 |
Etminani-Esfahani, 2012236 | NS | Tehran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 98 | 55.1 |
Faramarzi, 2013237 | 2010 | Shiraz | Voluntary counseling center | CS | Conv | HIV patients (male) | 222 | 64.0 |
Faranoush, 2006238 | 2002 | Mixed (Semnan, Damaghan, Garmsar) | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 630 | 39.7 |
Farhoudi, 2016239 | 2013–2014 | Tehran | Prison | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 56 | 89.3 |
Ghaderi, 1996240 | NS | Fars | Blood transfusion center | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 90 | 68.5 |
Ghadir, 2009241 | 2008 | Qom | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 90 | 21.1 |
Ghafoorian-Broujerdnia, 2006242 | 1999–2004 | Ahvaz | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 122 | 26.2 |
Ghane, 2012243 | 2010 | Mixed (Mazandaran and Guilan) | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 245 | 14.7 |
Haghazali, 2011244 | 2007 | Ghazvin | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients (males) | 76 | 7.5 |
Hamissi, 2011245 | 2009 | Ghazvin | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 195 | 6.7 |
Hariri, 2006246 | 2004 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 120 | 64.0 |
Hariri, 2006246 | 2004 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 616 | 10.9 |
Honarvar, 2013247 | 2012–2013 | Shiraz | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 233 | 40.3 |
Hosseini, 201063 | 2006 | Tehran | Prison | CS | Conv | PWID | 417 | 80.0 |
Imani, 2008248 | 2004 | Shahr-e-Kord | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 133 | 11.3 |
Ismail, 2005249 | NS | Tehran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 65 | 17.0 |
Jabbari, 200846 | 2005–2006 | Golestan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 93 | 24.7 |
Joukar, 2011250 | 2009 | Guilan | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 514 | 11.9 |
Kaffashian, 2011251 | NS | Isfahan | Prison | CS | Conv | PWID | 951 | 42.0 |
Kalantari, 2011252 | 2008–2010 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 545 | 9.1 |
Kalantari, 2011252 | 2008–2010 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 615 | 80.5 |
Kalantari, 2014253 | 2010–2011 | Isfahan | Hemodialysis units | CS | Cluster sampling | Hemodialysis patients | 499 | 5.2 |
Karimi, 2001254 | 1999–2001 | Shiraz | Thalassemia center | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 466 | 15.7 |
Karimi, 2001255 | 1999–2001 | Shiraz | Hemophilia unit | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 281 | 15.7 |
Karimi, 2002256 | 2002 | Shiraz | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Coagulation disorder patients | 367 | 13.1 |
Kashef, 2008257 | NS | Tabriz | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 131 | 18.3 |
Kassaian, 2011258 | 2009 | Isfahan | Thalassemia center | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 570 | 10.5 |
Kassaian, 2011258 | 2009 | Isfahan | Hemodialysis unit | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 800 | 2.1 |
Kassaian, 201258 | 2009 | Isfahan | Prison | CS | Conv | PWID | 943 | 41.6 |
Keramat, 2011259 | 2005–2007 | Hamadan | Counseling center | CS | Conv | PWID | 199 | 63.3 |
Keshvari, 2014260 | 2008–2010 | Tehran | Thalassemia center | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 257 | 40.1 |
Khani, 2003261 | 2001 | Zanjan | Prison | CS | Conv | PWID | 346 | 50.9 |
Kheirandish, 200952 | 2006 | Tehran | Prison | CS | Conv | PWID | 454 | 80.0 |
Khorvash, 2008262 | 2005 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 92 | 74.3 |
Khosravi, 2010263 | NS | Shiraz | Counseling center | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 101 | 86.1 |
Kiakalayeh, 2013264 | 2002–2011 | Rasht | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 1,113 | 10.5 |
Lak, 2000265 | NS | Tehran | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 100 | 90.0 |
Lak, 2000265 | NS | Tehran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | VWD patient | 385 | 55.1 |
Langarodi, 2011266 | 2009–2010 | Karaj | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 206 | 14.1 |
Mahdaviani, 2008267 | 2004 | Markazi | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 68 | 36.7 |
Mahdaviani, 2008267 | 2004 | Markazi | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 97 | 7.2 |
Mahdavimazdeh, 2009268 | 2005 | Tehran | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 2,403 | 9.5 |
Mak, 2001269 | NS | Isfahan | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 86 | 31.1 |
Makhlough, 2008270 | 2006 | Sari and Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 186 | 11.3 |
Mansour-Ghanaei,2002271 | 1999 | Guilan | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 101 | 71.3 |
Mansour-Ghanaei,2009272 | 2007 | Rasht | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 163 | 10.4 |
Mansour-Ghanaei,2009273 | NS | Guilan | Thalassemia center | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 370 | 50.4 |
Mashayekhi, 2011274 | 2008–2009 | Tabriz | Thalassemia center | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 100 | 3.0 |
Mehrjerdi, 201468 | 2011 | Tehran | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 209 | 26.8 |
Meidani, 2009275 | 2007–2008 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 150 | 26.0 |
Mirahmadizadeh, 2004276 | NS | Shiraz | NS | CS | NS | PWID | 186 | 80.1 |
Mirahmadizadeh, 2009277 | NS | National | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | SRS | PWID | 1,531 | 43.4 |
Mirmomen, 2006278 | 2002 | Mixed (Tehran, Kerman, Ghazvin, Semnan, Zanjan) | Blood transfusion centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 732 | 19.6 |
Mir-Nasseri, 200562 | 2001–2002 | Tehran | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | NS | PWID | 467 | 66.0 |
Mir-Nasseri, 201155 | 2001–2002 | Tehran | Prison, drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 518 | 69.3 |
Mobini, 2010279 | 2006 | Yazd | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 77 | 49.4 |
Mohammadi, 2009280 | 2007–2008 | Lorestan | NS | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 391 | 72.1 |
Momen-Heravi, 2012281 | NS | Kashan | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Cluster sampling | PWID | 300 | 47.3 |
Mousavi, 2002282 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | Thalassemia patients | 81 | 27.2 |
Mousavian, 2011283 | 2003–2005 | Tehran | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 1,095 | 72.3 |
Naini, 2007284 | 1993–2006 | Isfahan | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 553 | 22.6 |
Najafi, 2001285 | 1998 | Qaemshahr | Thalassemia centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 100 | 18.0 |
Rahbar, 2004176 | 2001 | Mashhad | Prison | CC | Conv | PWID | 101 | 59.4 |
Rahimi-Movaghar, 2010286 | 2006–2007 | Tehran | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Snowball sampling | PWID | 899 | 34.5 |
Ramezani, 2008287 | 2005–2006 | Tehran | Counseling center | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 171 | 52.6 |
Ramezani, 2009288 | NS | Tehran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 91 | 68.5 |
Ramzani, 2014289 | 2012 | Arak | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 100 | 56.0 |
Rostami, 2013290 | 2010–2011 | Mixed | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 3963 | 1.3 |
Rostami-Jalilian, 2006291 | 2002–2004 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | PWID with thrombosis | 72 | 45.8 |
Rostami-Jalilian, 2006291 | 2002–2004 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | PWID without thrombosis | 76 | 34.2 |
Sabour, 2003292 | 1999–2000 | Kermanshah | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 140 | 26.4 |
Saleh, 2011293 | 2007–2008 | Hamedan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CC | Conv | PWID (corpses) | 94 | 60.6 |
Salehi, 201569 | 2006–2011 | Shiraz | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 1,327 | 13.5 |
Sali, 2013294 | 2010–2012 | Tehran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 200 | 71.0 |
Samak, 2012295 | 2007 | Qom | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 142 | 13.4 |
Samarbaf-Zadeh, 2015296 | NS | Khuzestan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 430 | 9.1 |
Samimi-Rad, 2007297 | 2004 | Markazi | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients (male) | 50 | 4.0 |
Samimi-Rad, 2007297 | 2004 | Markazi | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Patients with Inherited bleeding disorder | 76 | 43.4 |
Samimi-Rad, 2007298 | 2005 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 50 | 100.0 |
Samimi-Rad, 2007298 | 2005 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 53 | 100.0 |
Samimi-Rad, 2008299 | 2005 | Markazi | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 204 | 4.9 |
Sanei, 2004300 | 2002 | Zahedan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 364 | 13.5 |
Sani, 2012301 | 2007–2009 | Mashhad | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 62 | 71.0 |
Sarkari, 201259 | 2009–2010 | Mixed (Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad) | NS | CS | Conv | PWID | 158 | 42.2 |
SeyedAlinaghi, 2011302 | 2004–2005 | Tehran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 201 | 67.2 |
Seyrafian, 2006303 | 2005 | Isfahan | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 556 | 2.9 |
Shahshahani, 2006304 | NS | Yazd | NS | CS | NS | Hemophilia patients | 74 | 48.6 |
Shahshahani, 2006304 | NS | Yazd | NS | CS | NS | Thalassemia patients | 85 | 9.4 |
Sharif, 2009305 | 2001–2006 | Kashan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 200 | 12.0 |
Sharifi-Mood, 2006306 | 1986–2005 | Zahedan | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 74 | 31.1 |
Sharifi-Mood, 2007307 | 2003–2006 | Zahedan | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 81 | 29.6 |
Siavash, 2008308 | 2007 | Kermanshah | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | HIV patients | 888 | 3.9 |
Sofian, 2012309 | 2009 | Markazi | Prison | CS | Conv | PWID | 153 | 59.5 |
Somi, 2007310 | 2006 | Tabriz | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 462 | 14.9 |
Somi, 2014311 | 2012 | Tabriz | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 455 | 8.1 |
Taremi, 2005312 | 2004 | Tabriz | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 324 | 20.4 |
Tayeri, 2008313 | 2000–2007 | Isfahan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | PWID with HIV | 106 | 75.5 |
Taziki, 2008314 | 2001 | Mazandaran | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 348 | 18.0 |
Taziki, 2008314 | 2006 | Mazandaran | Hemodialysis units | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 497 | 12.0 |
Toosi, 2007315 | NS | Tehran | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 130 | 8.5 |
Torabi, 2005316 | 2003 | Azerbaijan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Thalassemia patients (<18) | 84 | 7.1 |
Torabi, 2006317 | 2003 | Azerbaijan | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 130 | 55.4 |
Vahidi, 2000195 | 1996 | Kerman | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CC | Conv | Thalassemia patients | 107 | 22.4 |
Valizadeh, 2013318 | 2010 | Urmia | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 50 | 6.0 |
Yazdani, 2012319 | 1996–2010 | Isfahan | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 350 | 66.0 |
Zadeh, 2007320 | 2007 | Tehran | NS | CS | Conv | PWID (males) | 70 | 36.0 |
Zahedi, 2004321 | 2002 | Kerman | Clinical: hospital & health care centers | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 97 | 44.3 |
Zahedi, 2012322 | 2010 | Kerman | Hemodialysis centers | CS | Conv | Hemodialysis patients | 228 | 3.0 |
Zali, 2001323 | 1995 | Tehran | Prison | CS | SRS | PWID (male) | 402 | 45.0 |
Zamani, 200751 | 2004 | Tehran | Community, drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | PWID | 202 | 52.0 |
Zamani, 201064 | 2008 | Foulad-Shahr City | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Snowball sampling | PWID | 117 | 60.7 |
Ziaee, 2005324 | 2000 | Khorasan | Drop in centers and rehab centers | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 80 | 55.0 |
Ziaee, 2007325 | NS | South Khorassan | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 80 | 26.3 |
Ziaee, 2015326 | 2010–2012 | Birjand | Hemophilia units | CS | Conv | Hemophilia patients | 108 | 20.4 |
aAbbreviations: CC, case-control; Coh, cohort; Conv, convenience; CS, cross-sectional; NS, not specified; PWID, people who inject drugs; SRS, simple random sampling; VWD, von Willebrand disease.
bThe decimal places of the prevalence figures are as reported in the original reports, but prevalence figures with more than one decimal places were rounded to one decimal place, with the exception of those below 1%.