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. 2018 Jan 9;9:1. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02088-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Ray-tracing simulations. a Simulation from FRED showing the trace of a ray that scatters multiple times between barbules of a super black feather. b Substantial variation in frequency of multiple scattering events among species predicts variation in structural absorption. c Measured reflectance is significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of reflected rays that scattered at least twice (linear regression: R ² = 0.68, slope = −0.063, SE = 0.021, and P < 0.05)