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. 2018 Jan 9;8:186. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17480-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Frustrated and non-frustrated polarization states obtained by STXM measurements. Polarization patterns of the vortex crystal after state formation with a frequency of (a) 234 MHz and (b) 261 MHz. In (a) an alternating polarization of neighbouring vortices is favoured. Exceptions of the ice rules are highlighted in orange. In (b) homogeneous polarizations of neighbouring vortices are favoured.