Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of Golestan Cohort Study participants according to pictogram score at age 15
| Body size in adolescence | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Underweight (n= 10,428) | Normal (n= 21,533) | Overweight (n=11,207) | Obese (n=6838) | Total | ||
| sex | female | 8,272 (79.3) | 9,616 (44.7) | 5,224 (46.6) | 5,689 (83.2) | 28,801 (57.6) |
| male | 2,156 (20.7) | 11,917 (55.3) | 5,983 (53.4) | 1,149 (16.8) | 21,205 (42.4) | |
|
| ||||||
| Age a | 51.6 (8.5) | 51.3 (8.9) | 52.5 (9.2) | 54.9 (9.4) | 52.1 (9.0) | |
|
| ||||||
| Ethnicity | Turkmen | 7,295 (70.0) | 16,193 (75.2) | 8,584 (76.6) | 5,153 (75.4) | 37,225 (74.4) |
| non-turkmen | 3,133 (30.0) | 5,340 (24.8) | 2,623 (23.4) | 1,685 (24.6) | 12,781 (25.6) | |
|
| ||||||
| residence | urban | 2,540 (24.4) | 4,785 (22.2) | 1,855 (16.6) | 849 (12.4) | 10,029 (20.1) |
| rural | 7,888 (75.6) | 16,748 (77.8) | 9,352 (83.4) | 5,989 (87.6) | 39,977 (79.9) | |
|
| ||||||
| education | none | 8,240 (79.0) | 12,862 (59.7) | 7,607 (67.9) | 6,375 (93.2) | 35,084 (70.2) |
| Up to 8 years | 1,695 (16.3) | 5,911 (27.5) | 2,676 (23.9) | 421 (6.2) | 10,703 (21.4) | |
| High school | 396 (3.8) | 2,014 (9.4) | 712 (6.4) | 33 (0.5) | 3,155 (6.3) | |
| University | 97 (0.9) | 746 (3.5) | 212 (1.9) | 9 (0.1) | 1,064 (2.1) | |
|
| ||||||
| Smoking pack-year | Non-smoker | 9,298 (89.2) | 16,032 (74.5) | 7,954 (71.0) | 5,931 (86.7) | 39,215 (78.4) |
| Q1 (≤3) | 382 (3.7) | 1,344 (6.2) | 765 (6.8) | 353 (5.2) | 2,844 (5.7) | |
| Q2 (3–10) | 245 (2.3) | 1,386 (6.4) | 732 (6.5) | 213 (3.1) | 2,576 (5.2) | |
| Q3 (10–24) | 248 (2.4) | 1,462 (6.8) | 886 (7.9) | 167 (2.4) | 2,763 (5.5) | |
| Q4 (>24) | 255 (2.4) | 1,309 (6.1) | 870 (7.8) | 174 (2.5) | 2,608 (5.2) | |
|
| ||||||
| Opium use | 982 (9.4) | 3,802 (17.7) | 2,524 (22.5) | 1,180 (17.3) | 8,488 (17.0) | |
|
| ||||||
| Socioeconomic status | Low | 2,674 (25.6) | 5,196 (24.1) | 3,307 (29.5) | 2,741 (40.1) | 13,918 (27.8) |
| Low-middle | 2,208 (21.2) | 4,571 (21.2) | 2,619 (23.4) | 1,735 (25.4) | 11,133 (22.3) | |
| High-middle | 2,727 (26.2) | 5,583 (25.9) | 2,796 (24.9) | 1,476 (21.6) | 12,582 (25.2) | |
| High | 2,819 (27.0) | 6,183 (28.7) | 2,485 (22.2) | 886 (13.0) | 12,373 (24.7) | |
|
| ||||||
| Activity level | 1 (sedentary) | 872 (8.4) | 3,162 (14.7) | 1,343 (12.0) | 435 (6.4) | 5,812 (11.6) |
| 2 | 204 (2.0) | 563 (2.6) | 239 (2.1) | 102 (1.5) | 1,108 (2.2) | |
| 3 | 6,550 (62.8) | 8,194 (38.1) | 4,389 (39.2) | 4,478 (65.5) | 23,611 (47.2) | |
| 4 (active) | 2,802 (26.9) | 9,614 (44.6) | 5,236 (46.7) | 1,823 (26.7) | 19,475 (38.9) | |
|
| ||||||
| Body size at 30 | Underweight | 1,324 (12.7) | 440 (2.0) | 102 (0.9) | 109 (1.6) | 1,975 (3.9) |
| Normal | 6,925 (66.4) | 11,951 (55.5) | 2,248 (20.1) | 490 (7.2) | 21,614 (43.2) | |
| Overweight | 1,716 (16.5) | 8,392 (39) | 7,160 (63.9) | 2,521 (36.9) | 19,789 (39.6) | |
| Obese | 462 (4.4) | 749 (3.5) | 1,696 (15.1) | 3,718 (54.4) | 6,625 (13.2) | |
|
| ||||||
| Body size at baseline | Underweight | 775 (7.4) | 1,104 (5.1) | 651 (5.8) | 725 (10.6) | 3,255 (6.5) |
| Normal | 2,993 (28.7) | 7,200 (33.4) | 3,683 (32.9) | 2,099 (30.7) | 15,975 (32.0) | |
| Overweight | 4301 (41.2) | 9,903 (46.0) | 4,674 (41.7) | 2,683 (39.2) | 21,561 (43.1) | |
| Obese | 2,359 (22.6) | 3,319 (15.4) | 2,198 (19.6) | 1,330 (19.5) | 9,206 (18.4) | |
|
| ||||||
| Medical history at baseline | CVD | 720 (6.9) | 1,162 (5.4) | 699 (6.2) | 466 (6.8) | 3,047 (6.1) |
| Hypertension | 2,574 (24.7) | 3,607 (16.8) | 1,944 (17.3) | 1,740 (25.4) | 9,865 (19.7) | |
| DM | 922 (8.8) | 1,241 (5.8) | 712 (6.4) | 573 (8.4) | 3,448 (6.9) | |
| Cancer | 42 (0.4) | 68 (0.3) | 34 (0.3) | 15 (0.2) | 159 (0.3) | |
|
| ||||||
| Number of pregnancies* | 7.4 (3.3) | 7.1 (3.2) | 7.4 (3.3) | 8.1 (3.3) | 7.5 (3.3) | |
CVD: cardiovascular disease, DM: diabetes mellitus
a
Numbers show frequencies (percentage) except for age and number of pregnancies which are mean (SD)