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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2017 Nov 2;161:76–86. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.028

Table 2.

Population-weighted annual average PM2.5 (μg/m3) Concentrations by Census 2000, Census 2010 and ACS 2006–2010 demographic and geographic subpopulations

Full State Urban Rural

PM2.5 2003,
Census 2000
PM2.5 2010,
Census 2010
Absolute Changea Relative Changeb PM25 2003,
Census 2000
PM25 2010,
Census 2010
Absolute Changea Relative Changeb PM25 2003,
Census 2000
PM25 2010,
Census 2010
Absolute Changea Relative Changeb
Race/Ethnicity
Total 11.2 8.0 −3.2 −28.7 11.4 8.1 −3.2 −28.3 10.1 6.8 −3.3 −32.7
non-Hispanic white 11.1 7.8 −3.2 −29.2 11.3 8.1 −3.2 28.6 10.1 6.8 −3.3 −32.7
non-Hispanic black 11.7 8.4 −3.4 −28.6 11.8 8.4 −3.4 −28.6 10.4 6.9 −3.5 −33.6
non-Hispanic Asian 11.6 8.2 −3.4 −29.0 11.7 8.3 −3.4 −28.8 10.8 7.0 −3.8 −35.0
non-Hispanic other 11.4 8.2 −3.3 −28.6 11.6 8.3 −3.3 −28.4 10.2 6.9 −3.3 −32.6
Hispanic 11.6 8.4 −3.2 −27.4 11.6 8.5 −3.2 −27.3 10.5 6.9 −3.6 −34.4
PM2.5 2003
Census 2000
PM2.5 2010,
ACS 2010
Absolute Changea Relative Changeb PM2.5 2003,
Census 2000
PM2.5 2010
ACS 2010
Absolute Changea Relative Changeb PM2.5 2003,
Census 2000
PM2.5 2010,
ACS 2010
Absolute Changea Relative Changeb
Educational Attainment
Total 11.2 7.9 −3.2 −28.8 11.4 8.1 −3.2 −28.4 10.1 6.8 −3.3 −32.8
< High School 11.3 8.2 −3.1 −27.6 11.5 8.3 −3.1 −27.3 10.1 6.8 −3.4 −33.2
High School Grad 11.1 7.9 −3.2 −28.7 11.3 8.1 −3.2 −28.2 10.0 6.8 −3.3 −32.7
Post-Secondary 11.1 7.9 −3.2 −28.9 11.3 8.1 −3.2 −28.5 10.0 6.8 −3.3 −32.5
Bachelors 11.2 7.9 −3.3 −29.3 11.3 8.1 −3.3 −28.8 10.2 6.8 −3.4 −33.1
Masters 11.2 8.0 −3.3 −29.0 11.4 8.2 −3.3 −28.6 10.2 6.8 −3.4 −33.0
Median Household Income
Total 11.2 8.0 −3.2 −28.7 11.4 8.2 −3.2 −28.3 10.1 6.8 −3.3 −32.6
<20,000 11.4 8.2 −3.1 −27.6 11.5 8.4 −3.2 −27.4 10.2 6.9 −3.3 −32.4
20–35,000 11.2 8.1 −3.2 −28.1 11.4 8.2 −3.2 −27.8 10.0 6.8 −3.2 −32.0
35–50,000 11.2 8.0 −3.2 −28.3 11.4 8.2 −3.2 −28.0 10.0 6.8 −3.2 −31.7
50–75,000 11.1 8.0 −3.2 −28.3 11.3 8.2 −3.2 −28.1 10.0 6.8 −3.2 −32.1
>75,000 11.1 7.9 −3.3 −29.3 11.3 8.1 −3.2 −28.7 10.2 6.8 −3.4 −33.5
a

Absolute change in concentrations (μg/m3)

b

Percentage change in concentrations