Table 4.

Bacterial viability

Incubate with nutrient medium				Incubate with PBS buffer
Concentration (μg/mL)	Viability (%) with treatment of GO	Viability (%) with treatment of GO-POAA	Viability (%) with treatment of GO-chitosan	Concentration (μg/mL)	Viability (%) with treatment of GO	Viability (%) with treatment of GO-POAA	Viability (%) with treatment of GO-chitosan
10	208 ± 13	137 ± 11	43 ± 9	10	110 ± 13	93 ± 10	10 ± 5
50	161 ± 12	95 ± 10	13 ± 4	50	68 ± 8	38 ± 6	0
100	107 ± 12	22 ± 7	0	100	19 ± 7	12 ± 6	0
200	85 ± 8	6 ± 3	0	200	0	4 ± 3	0
300	66 ± 7	3 ± 1	0	300	0	0	0

Measured by treating smaller GO sheets and GO-based materials (up to 10 μm wide) with E. coli. 10–300 μg mL⁻¹ of materials were treated with E. coli. After 3 h incubation with nutrient medium or PBS, respectively, the CFU counting method was used. The number of surviving bacteria was determined and is expressed as a percentage (%) that corresponds to the unit of CFU mL⁻¹. Data are mean ± SD (n = 6)