Table 1.
Sample Characteristics at All Time Points of Subjects With Complete Data on TL and mtDNAcn at Baseline (n = 989)
| Characteristics | Year 15 | Year 20 | Year 25 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y, M (SD) | 40.5 (3.6) | 45.4 (3.6) | 50.4 (3.6) |
| Sex, % female | 65.5 | 65.5 | 65.5 |
| Race, % black | 40.8 | 40.8 | 40.8 |
| Education completed, % | |||
| High school | 18.8 | 21.3 | 20.0 |
| High school and college | 60.4 | 56.4 | 55.1 |
| At least some postcollege education | 20.7 | 22.4 | 24.9 |
| Lifestyle factors | |||
| Smoking, % | |||
| Never | 62.2 | 63.0 | 63.1 |
| Former | 18.7 | 21.3 | 22.9 |
| Current | 19.0 | 15.7 | 14.0 |
| Drinking, % | |||
| Nondrinker | 27.5 | 24.7 | 23.0 |
| Mild to moderate drinker | 63.2 | 65.1 | 66.1 |
| Heavy drinker | 9.3 | 10.2 | 10.9 |
| Physical activity (total intensity score), M (SD) | 336 (273) | 335 (275) | 335 (274) |
| Cellular aging markers | |||
| TL, bp, M (SD) | 5594 (481) | 5679 (451) | 4971 (276) |
| MtDNAcn, M (SD) | 513 (141) | — | 459 (124) |
| MetS components | |||
| Waist circumference, cm, M (SD) | 88.4 (13.8) | 91.1 (14.5) | 93.3 (14.8) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 0.94 (0.67) | 1.01 (0.79) | 1.05 (0.70) |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L, M (SD) | 1.32 (0.36) | 1.41 (0.43) | 1.53 (0.46) |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg, M (SD) | 111.9 (13.7) | 115.4 (14.6) | 117.9 (15.4) |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2.34 (0.31) | 2.48 (0.33) | 2.41 (0.36) |
| Number of metabolic dysregulations, M (SD)a | 1.10 (1.12) | 1.27 (1.25) | 1.35 (1.28) |
| MetS diagnosis, %b | 12.7 | 18.2 | 20.2 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; M, mean.
a
Metabolic dysregulations defined as waist circumference >102 cm (men) or >88 cm (women); triglycerides >1.7 mmol/L; HDL cholesterol <1.03 mmol/L (men) or <1.30 mmol/L (women); systolic BP >130 or diastolic BP >85 mm Hg or antihypertensives; fasting plasma glucose >6.1 mmol/L or antidiabetic medication.
b
MetS defined as ≥3 dysregulations.