TABLE 2.
Selected anthropometric prediction equations for body fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) in infants
| Reference | Year | Body composition component |
N subjects | Term/preterm | Subject age range | Design | Reference method |
Equations | R2 | Cross validation R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dauncey et al. | 1977 | FM | N =27 | Term | 0–40 wks | Longitudinal | NA | FM =0.90 × [[(crownrump length-diameter of head) × (trunk circumference) × (subscpular skinfold)] +[(arm length × upper arm circumference) x triceps thickness] +[(supine -crown-rump length) × 1/2 (midthigh +calf circ) × (triceps skinfold)]] | NA | NA |
| Weststrate and Deurenberg | 1989 | Density | NA | NA | Designed for infants 0–1.99 yrs |
Theoretical | NA | Density =[1.1235 +(0.0016[age(mo)]0.5)] −0.0719 × log (biceps+ triceps +subscapular+ suprailiac) | NA | NA |
| Catalano et al. | 1995 | FM |
N =194 (development). N =65 (validation) |
Term | 0–72 h | Cross- sectional | TOBEC | FM =(0.39055 × birth weight) +(0.0453 × suprailiac skinfold) −(0.03237 × length) +0.54657 (various) | 0.78 | 0.84 |
| de Bruin et al. | 1995 | FM and FFM |
N =435 (development). N =110 (validation) |
NA | 1–11 mo | Cross- sectional | TOBEC | llnFM =−0.358 +1.499 [ln(weight × calf circumference)/length]. lnFM =−2.219 +1.176 [ln (weight × calf circumference × sq. root (sum of 3 skinfolds/length)]. lnFFM =0.433 +0.056 × [sq. root (weight × length)] |
0.87 0.89 0.95 |
0.81 0.86 0.92 |
| Koo et al. | 2004 | FM and FFM |
N =74 AGA. N =30 LGA N =16 SGA |
Term, Preterm | 0–1 wk | Cross- sectional | DXA | FM (SGA) =weight +length + sex +race + GA. FM (SGA) =weight +length +sex +race + GA +skinfold PC score. FM (AGA) =weight +length +sex +race + GA. FM (AGA) =weight +length +sex +race + GA +skinfold PC score. FM (LGA) =weight +length +sex +race + GA. FM (LGA) =weight +length +sex +race + GA +skinfold PC score. |
0.84 0.89 0.84 0.89 0.86 0.91 |
NR |
| Dung et al. | 2007 | DXA | N =118 | Preterm | Hospital discharge | Cross- sectional | DXA | FFM =0.05 Ht2/Iength +0.69 × weight +0.31 | 0.94 | 0.94 |
| Lingwood et al. | 2012 | FFM |
N =77 (birth). N =54 (2 weeks). N =55 (3 months). N =53 (4–5 months) |
Term | Birth, 6 wks, 3 mo, 4–5 mo | Longitudinal | ADP | FFM (birth) =0.507 +0.646 × weight −0.089 × sex +0.009 × length. FFM (6 weeks) =0.260 +0.528 × weight −0.125 × sex +0.022 × length. FFM (3 months) =−0.338 +0.434 × weight −0.177 × sex +0.041 × length. FFM (4–5 mo) =−0.044 +0.397 × weight −0.427 × sex +0.045 × length |
0.94 0.89 0.89 0.87 |
NA |