Table I. Results of inhibition assays of cell death in rice protoplasts and N. benthamiana leaves.

ND, Not determined.

Gene	Treatment
	LaCl3a		Darkb		Bcl-xlc
	LUC Activity in RPd	Cell Death in NBLe	LUC Activity in RP	Cell Death in NBL	LUC Activity in RP	Cell Death in NBL
GFP	1.00 ± 0.19	0/8	1.00 ± 0.34	0/8	ND	0/8
NlMLP	0.74 ± 0.17	1/8	0.14 ± 0.02*	8/8	ND	0/8
BAX	0.66 ± 0.21	3/8	0.09 ± 0.02*	7/8	ND	0/8
INF1	0.92 ± 0.34	3/8	0.38 ± 0.11*	7/8	ND	6/8

^aLaCl₃ was applied to protoplasts immediately after transfection at a final concentration of 1 mm. For agroinfiltration of N. benthamiana leaves, LaCl₃ was added to resuspended A. tumefaciens cultures at a final concentration of 1 mm.

^bRice protoplasts and N. benthamiana leaves were incubated in the dark for 30 min before transfection and maintained in the dark after transfection.

^cN. benthamiana leaves were preinfiltrated with A. tumefaciens cells harboring the Bcl-xl expression vector.

^dLUC activity in rice protoplasts. Data represent means ± se of three repeats. Asterisks indicate significant differences compared with the corresponding GFP (*, P < 0.05, Student’s t test).

^eNumber of cell death sites/total number of infiltrated leaves of N. benthamiana.