Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 1425 participants with PROM at Mulago Hospital, Kampala.
| Variable | Vaginal Delivery (n = 991) n(%) | Caesarean Section (n = 434) n(%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| < 18 years | 30 (3.0) | 8 (1.8) | 0.17 |
| 18–24 | 511 (51.6) | 205 (47.2) | |
| 25–35 | 401 (40.5) | 199 (45.9) | |
| > 35 years | 49 (4.9) | 22 (5.1) | |
| Current smoker | |||
| Yes | 18 (1.8) | 8 (1.8) | |
| No | 973 (98.2) | 426 (98.2) | 0.95 |
| Parity | |||
| Prima gravida | 415 (41.9) | 154 (35.5) | 0.02 |
| Para 2–3 | 343 (36.4) | 184 (42.4) | |
| Para ≥ 4 | 233(23.5) | 96 (22.1) | |
| HIV Status | |||
| Positive | 112 (11.3) | 56 (12.9) | 0.66 |
| Negative | 879 (88.7) | 378 (87.1) | |
| Fever | |||
| Yes | 52 (5.2) | 32 (7.4) | 0.11 |
| No | 939 (94.8) | 402 (92.6) | |
| Referral status to Mulago hospital | |||
| Referred | 717 (72.4) | 298 (68.7) | 0.17 |
| Not referred | 274 (27.6) | 136 (31.3) | |
| Gestational age | |||
| 28–33 weeks | 110 (11.1) | 60 (13.8) | 0.01 |
| 34–36 weeks | 278 (28.1) | 89 (20.5) | |
| ≥37 weeks | 603 (60.8) | 285 (65.7) | |
| Duration of drainage | |||
| <24 hours | 437 (44.1) | 187 (43.1) | 0.80 |
| 24–48 hours | 321 (32.4) | 140 (32.3) | |
| 2–7days | 206 (20.8) | 89 (20.5) | |
| >7days | 26 (2.6) | 18 (4.1) | |
| Color of liquor | |||
| Clear | 884 (89.2) | 374 (86.2) | 0.07 |
| Light meconium | 99 (10.0) | 51 (11.8) | |
| Thick meconium | 8 (0.8) | 9 (2.0) | |
| Smell of liquor | |||
| Offensive | 63 (6.4) | 51 (11.8) | <0.01 |
| Not offensive | 928 (93.6) | 383 (88.2) | |
| Speculum exam done | |||
| Yes | 27 (2.7) | 18 (4.1) | 0.15 |
| No | 964 (97.3) | 416 (95.9) | |
| Digital exams per day | |||
| None | 22 (2.2) | 14 (3.2) | 0.67 |
| 1–2 | 523 (52.8) | 224 (51.6) | |
| 3–4 | 344 (34.7) | 154 (35.5) | |
| ≥5 | 102 (10.3) | 42 (9.7) | |
| Fetal Heart Present | |||
| Yes | 984 (99.3) | 434 (100.0) | 0.08 |
| No | 7 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Obstetric US at time of admission | |||
| Yes | 647 (65.3) | 207 (47.7) | <0.01 |
| No | 344 (34.7) | 227 (52.3) | |
p-values <0.05 were significant