Table 1. List of phytochemicals identified in P. longum.

S. No.	Phytochemical ID	Phytochemical name	Pubchem/ ChEMBL ID	Reference
1	PL1	3β, 4α-dihydroxy-1-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-piperidine-2-one	N/A	[48]
2	PL2	(2E, 4E, 14Z)-6-hydroxyl-N-isobutyleicosa-2,4,14-trienamide	N/A	[48]
3	PL3	Coumaperine	10131321	[49]
4	PL4	N-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2E-pentenoyl piperidine	N/A	[49]
5	PL5	Piperolactam A	3081016	[49]
6	PL6	1-[1-oxo-5 (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) -2E,4E-pentadienyl]–pirrolidine	N/A	[49]
7	PL7	(R)-(-)–turmerone	558221	[49]
8	PL8	Octahydro-4-hydroy-3alpha-methyl-7-methylene-alpha-(1-methylethyl)-1H-indene-1-methanol	N/A	[49]
9	PL9	(+) -aphanamol I	11031884	[49]
10	PL10	Bisdemethoxycurcumin	5315472	[49]
11	PL11	Demethoxycurcumin	5469424	[49]
12	PL12	Longumosides A	N/A	[50]
13	PL13	Longumosides B	71579641	[50]
14	PL14	Erythro-1-[1-oxo-9(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-8,9-dihydroxy-2E-nonenyl]-piperidine	N/A	[50]
15	PL15	Threo-1-[1-oxo-9(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-8,9-dihydroxy-2E-nonenyl]-piperidine	N/A	[50]
16	PL16	3β,4α-dihydroxy-2-piperidinone	N/A	[50]
17	PL17	5,6-dihydro-2(1H)-pyridinone	N/A	[50]
18	PL18	Piperlongumide (1) [N-isobutyl-19-(3′,4′-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,4E nonadecadienamide]	N/A	[51]
19	PL19	1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1E tetradecene	N/A	[51]
20	PL20	Piperlongimin A [2E-N-isobutyl-hexadecenamide]	N/A	[51]
21	PL21	2E,4E-N-isobutyl-octadecenamide	N/A	[51]
22	PL22	Piperlongimin B [2E-octadecenoylpiperidine]	N/A	[51]
23	PL23	2E,4E-N-isobutyl-dodecenamide	N/A	[51]
24	PL24	2E,4E,12E,13-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-trideca-trienoic acid isobutyl amide	N/A	[51]
25	PL25	Piperine	638024	[51]
26	PL26	Pellitorine	5318516	[52]
27	PL27	N-[(2E,4E)-Decadienoyl]-piperidine	11118018	[52]
28	PL28	N-Isobutyl-2E,4E-undecadienamide	20157325	[52]
29	PL29	Piperlonguminine	5320621	[52]
30	PL30	Piperanine	5320618	[52]
31	PL31	N-[(2E,4E)-Tetradecadienoyl]piperidine	11130083	[52]
32	PL32	N-Isobutyl-2E,4E-hexadecadienamide	6442402	[52]
33	PL33	Pipercallosine	5372201	[52]
34	PL34	(2E,4E,12Z)-N-Isobutyl-octadeca-2,4,12-trienamide	N/A	[52]
35	PL35	N-Isobutyl-2E,E-octadecadienamide	9974234	[52]
36	PL36	Dehydropipernonaline	6439947	[52]
37	PL37	Pipernonatine	9974595	[52]
38	PL38	(E)-9-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)non-2-en-1-one	N/A	[52]
39	PL39	1-(2E,4E,12E)-Octadecatrinoylpiperidine	N/A	[52]
40	PL40	Retrofractamide B	5372162	[52]
41	PL41	(2E,4E,14Z)-N-Isobutyleicosa-2,4,14-trienamide	N/A	[52]
42	PL42	N-isobutyl-2E,4E-decyldecadienamide	N/A	[52]
43	PL43	(2E,4E,10E)-N-11-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylhmdecatrienoylpiperidine	N/A	[52]
44	PL44	1-[(2E,4E,14Z)-1-Oxo-2,4,14-eicosatrienyl]-piperidine	N/A	[52]
45	PL45	Guineensine	6442405	[52]
46	PL46	(2E,4E,14Z)-N-Isobutyldocosa-2,4,14-trienamide	N/A	[52]
47	PL47	(2E,4E,12E)-13-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-6-yl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)trideca-2,4,12-trien-1-one	N/A	[52]
48	PL48	(2E,4E,13E)-14-(Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-6-yl)-N-isobutyltetradeca-2,4,13-trienamide	N/A	[52]
49	PL49	Brachyamide B	14162526	[52]
50	PL50	Dihydropiperlonguminine	12682184	[52]
51	PL51	Piperdardine	10086948	[52]
52	PL52	Retrofractamide A	11012859	[52]
53	PL53	Piperchabamide D	16041827	[52]
54	PL54	N-isobutyl-2E,4E-dodecadienamide	6443006	[52]
55	PL55	Piperchabamide B	44453655	[52]
56	PL56	13-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-(2E,4E)-tridecadienamide	N/A	[52]
57	PL57	Piperchabamide C	44454018	[52]
58	PL58	1-[(2E,4E)-1-oxo-2,4-hexadecadienyl]-piperidine	10980124	[52]
59	PL59	2,2-Dimethoxybutane (C6H14O2]	137941	[53]
60	PL60	2-Hydroxy myristic acid (C14H28O3]	1563	[53]
61	PL61	β-Myrcene (C10H16]	31253	[53]
62	PL62	N-methyl-1- octadecanamine (C19H41N]	75539	[53]
63	PL63	Piperazine adipate (C10H20N2O4]	8905	[53]
64	PL64	2-Nonynoic acid (C9H14O2]	61451	[53]
65	PL65	Dodecanal (CH3(CH2]10CHO]	8194	[53]
66	PL66	1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl] ester (C24H38O4]	8343	[53]
67	PL67	2-Amino-4-hydroxypteridine-6-carboxylic acid (C7H5N5O3]	70361	[53]
68	PL68	Piperlongumine	637858	[54]
69	PL69	Hydrocinnamic acid (HCI)	107	[22]
70	PL70	Palmitic acid	985	[22]
71	PL71	1,8-cineole	2758	[22]
72	PL72	Lawsone	6755	[22]
73	PL73	Cis-Decahydronaphthalene	7044	[22]
74	PL74	Piperonylic acid	7196	[22]
75	PL75	Hypnon	7410	[22]
76	PL76	Moslene	7461	[22]
77	PL77	Cymol	7463	[22]
78	PL78	Methyl hydrocinnamate	7643	[22]
79	PL79	Hexahydropyridine (PIP)	8082	[22]
80	PL80	Pisol	8193	[22]
81	PL81	Piperonal	8438	[22]
82	PL82	Isobutylisovalerate	11514	[22]
83	PL83	Tridecane (TRD)	12388	[22]
84	PL84	Pentadecane (MYS)	12391	[22]
85	PL85	N-Heptadecane	12398	[22]
86	PL86	N-Nonadecane (UPL)	12401	[22]
87	PL87	Tridecylene	17095	[22]
88	PL88	Heptadecene	23217	[22]
89	PL89	Pentadecene	25913	[22]
90	PL90	Nonadecene	29075	[22]
91	PL91	tetradecadiene-1,13	30875	[22]
92	PL92	Linalool (D)	67179	[22]
93	PL93	Cyclopentadecane	67525	[22]
94	PL94	Beta-Bisabolene	68128	[22]
95	PL95	Sesamol	68289	[22]
96	PL96	Sesamin	72307	[22]
97	PL97	p-Amino-o-cresol	76081	[22]
98	PL98	2,4-Dimethoxytoluene	96403	[22]
99	PL99	D-Camphor (CAM)	159055	[22]
100	PL100	Cis-2-Decalone	246289	[22]
101	PL101	Piperitenone	381152	[22]
102	PL102	(-)-Nopinene	440967	[22]
103	PL103	(-)-Alpha-Pinene	440968	[22]
104	PL104	Isodiprene (CHEBI:7)	443156	[22]
105	PL105	(R)-linalool	443158	[22]
106	PL106	N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-methoxybenzamide	532276	[22]
107	PL107	Anethole	637563	[22]
108	PL108	Isoeugenol	853433	[22]
109	PL109	(3S)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl] propanoate	1616358	[22]
110	PL110	()-Terpinen-4-ol	2724161	[22]
111	PL111	Alpha-Farnesene	5281516	[22]
112	PL112	Farnesene	5281517	[22]
113	PL113	alpha-humulene	5281520	[22]
114	PL114	Isocaryophyllene	5281522	[22]
115	PL115	p-Ocimene	5281553	[22]
116	PL116	8-Heptadecene	5364555	[22]
117	PL117	9,17-Octadecadienal (Z)	5365667	[22]
118	PL118	Cyclodecene, 1-methyl-	5367581	[22]
119	PL119	1,4,7,-Cycloundecatriene, 1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-, Z,Z,Z-	5368784	[22]
120	PL120	(+/-)-Isoborneol	6321405	[22]
121	PL121	(Z)-caryophyllene	6429301	[22]
122	PL122	cis-.beta.-Elemene diastereomer	6431152	[22]
123	PL123	N-Isobutyl-2,4-icosadienamide	6441067	[22]
124	PL124	(E,E,E)-11-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2,4,10-undecatrienenamide	6453083	[22]
125	PL125	Epieudesmin (ZINC03996196)	7299790	[22]
126	PL126	Valencene	9855795	[22]
127	PL127	(1S,5S)-1-isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexane	11051711	[22]
128	PL128	(5S)-5-[(1R)-1,5-dimethylhex-4-enyl]-2-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene	11127403	[22]
129	PL129	(E)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-piperidino-pent-2-en-1-one	11630663	[22]
130	PL130	(3R,8S,9S,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol (ZINC03982454)	11870467	[22]
131	PL131	Delta-elemene	12309449	[22]
132	PL132	(2R,4aR,8aR)-2-methyldecalin	12816526	[22]
133	PL133	(1R,5R,7S)-4,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ene	13889654	[22]
134	PL134	Calarene	15560279	[22]
135	PL135	Bisdemethoxycurcumin	45934475	[22]
136	PL136	1,4-cadinadiene	50986185	[22]
137	PL137	Tricyclene	55250308	[22]
138	PL138	Alpha-Cubebene	42608159	[22]
139	PL139	Piperundecalidine	44453654	[22]
140	PL140	3-phenylundecane	20655	[22]
141	PL141	4-[(1-Carboxy-2-methylbutyl)amino]-2(1H)-pyrimidinone	591989	[22]
142	PL142	Bicyclo[3. 2. 2]non-6-en-3-one	N/A	[22]
143	PL143	Cedryl acetate	9838172	[22]
144	PL144	Isolongifolene epoxide	107035	[22]
145	PL145	N-isobutyleicosa-2(E),4(E),8(Z)-trienamide	N/A	[22]
146	PL146	Pisatin	101689	[22]
147	PL147	Tetradecahydro-1-methylphenanthrene	609802	[22]
148	PL148	Undulatone	5281311	[22]
149	PL149	Copaene	25245021	[22]
150	PL150	Linalool	6549	[22]
151	PL151	Sylvatine	N/A	[22]
152	PL152	beta-Cubebene	93081	[22]
153	PL153	(-)-Caryophyllene oxide	1742210	[22]
154	PL154	(-)-alpha-cedrene	6431015	[22]
155	PL155	(+)-Fargesin	CHEMBL462822	[23]
156	PL156	Piperolactam A	CHEMBL387864	[23]
157	PL157	(+)-Sesamin	CHEMBL252915	[23]
158	PL158	2-Phenylethanol	CHEMBL448500	[23]
159	PL159	l-Zingiberene	CHEMBL479020	[23]