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. 2017 May 17;16(6):900–909. doi: 10.1177/1533034617708960

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© The Author(s) 2017

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Images of TEM freeze apparatus setup. TEMs were assembled into 3D stacks and placed into a bath of warm media on a warming pad and a stir table to facilitate circulation of the media bath during the freezing process. Cryoprobe was then placed into the center of the TEM and positioned 9 mm from the bottom of the TEM stack. Temperatures of the bath and within the TEM gels were monitored throughout the freeze protocol. A, Schematic of a multilayered TEM stack with cryoprobe inserted and iceball; (B) image of a full testing freeze setup including TEM fixtures, cryoprobe, heat source, stir table, TempScan, and PC monitoring station; (C) close up of an individual TEM apparatus; (D) profile photo of the TEM stack configuration during a freeze procedure; and (E) illustration of the thermocouple array inserted in the TEMs to monitor temperature distribution radiating from the center point of the cryoprobe ablation segment. 3D indicates 3-dimensional.