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. 2017 May 17;16(6):900–909. doi: 10.1177/1533034617708960

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© The Author(s) 2017

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 3. — Real-time monitoring of pTEM (prostate cancer) temperatures at the center of the freeze length during a 10/5/10 freezing protocol. Temperatures of the midpoint TEM layer were monitored at fixed points radiating from the cryoprobe surface in real time at 10-second intervals during a 10/5/10 freeze/thaw/freeze procedure. Temperatures were found to drop radially near the probe surface and were more gradual the further from the probe surface. Thermal profile assessment revealed a final penetration of the −20°C and −40°C isotherms to reach diameter of 2.6 and 1.8 cm, respectively. Analysis of the thermal profiles revealed that on average 39% and 19% of the frozen mass was encompassed within the −20°C and −40°C isotherms, respectively.