Table IVs.
External anal sphincter EMG in cauda equina and conus medullaris lesions.
| Reference | Objective | No. of patients | Technique | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Podnar and Vodusek, 2001b | To determine the cumulative sensitivity of MUP parameters to detect neuropathic changes in EAS by using both mean values and outliers | 56 | Multi-MUP | Se: 62% |
| Podnar et al., 2002b | To compare the sensitivity of QEMG techniques in detecting neuropathic changes in EAS | 56 | Multi-MUP; Single MUP; Manual MUP; T/A IP analysis | Se: 62%; Se: 63%; Se: 57%; Se: 29% |
| Podnar and Mrkaic, 2002 | To determine the predictive power of MUP parameters for differentiation of neuropathic and normal EAS | 52 | Multi-MUP | MUP area, duration and number of turns give identical results to overall MUP parameters |
| Podnar et al., 2002a | To determine the diagnostic value of EAS QEMG in cauda lesions and the predictive value for sexual dysfunctions | 46 | Multi-MUP | ABR: 89% |
| Podnar, 2003b | To compare the sensitivity of QEMG in the subcutaneous and the deep EAS in detection of neuropathic changes | 67 | Multi-MUP | Subcutaneous EAS, Se: 66%; Deep EAS, Se: 71% Se: 21–70%, Sp: 74–99% |
| Podnar, 2004a | To define diagnostic criteria for neuropathic changes of MUPs in EAS | 86 | Multi-MUP | Unilateral study, Se: 57%; |
| Podnar, 2004b | To compare the sensitivity of unilateral and bilateral MUP parameters of EAS in detection of neuropathic changes | 67 | Multi-MUP | Bilateral study, Se: 83% 10–90 and 5–95 percentile ranges are respectively the most sensitive and specific parameter Se: 73%; |
| Podnar, 2005 | To determine the most useful outlier criteria in MUP analysis for detection of neuropathic changes in EAS | 79 | Multi-MUP | |
| Podnar, 2008a | To determine the sensitivity of EAS QEMG, BCR evaluation and their cumulative sensitivity in neurogenic sacral lesions | 52 | Multi-MUP; Multi-MUP +BCR | Se: 94–96% PPV 69–89%, NPV 56–78% |
| Podnar, 2009a | To determine the predictive values of QEMG for detection of neuropathic changes in the EAS | 75 | Multi-MUP | Se: 63%, Sp: 92%, PPV 83%, NPV: 86%; |
| Podnar, 2014 | To determine the sensitivity of EAS QEMG and of CCR evaluation and their cumulative sensitivity in neurogenic sacral lesions | 24 | Multi-MUP; Multi-MUP + CCR | Se: 96–100%, Sp 62–75%, PPV 50–55%, NPV 97–98% |
Abbreviations: MUP=motor unit potential; EAS=external anal sphincter muscle; QEMG=quantitative EMG; BCR=bulbocavernosus reflex; CCR=clitorido-cavernosus reflex; T/A=turns/amplitude analysis; IP=interference pattern; Se=sensitivity; Sp=specificity; PPV=positive predictive value; NPV=negative predictive value; ABR=abnormality rate.