Table 2. Acute manipulations of molecularly- and anatomically-defined long-distance projections that influence food intake also affect appetitive behavior.

Conventions are the same as Table 1 except arrows indicate putative effects on pre-synaptic activity but do not necessarily indicate the direction of change in post-synaptic output.

Area of origin	Projection	Manipulation		Food intake	Appetitive behavior	References
Arc	AgRP→BNST	ChR2	↑	+	?	Atasoy et al 2012; Betley et al 2013; Garfield et al 2015
	AgRP→PVN	ChR2	↑	+	?	Betley et al 2013; Garfield et al 2015
	AgRP→LHA	ChR2	↑	+	?	Betley et al 2013; Garfield et al 2015
	AgRP→CeA	ChR2	↑	/	?	Betley et al 2013
	AgRP→PBN	ChR2	↑	/	?	Betley et al 2013
	Oxtr→PVN	ChR2	↑	−	?	Fenseleu et al 2017
PVN	Sim1→PAG	Gi	↓	+	?	Stachniak et al 2014
	Sim1→PBN	Gi	↓	/	?	Stachniak et al 2014
	MC4R→PBN	ChR2	↑	−	+	Garfield et al 2015
BNST	Vgat→LH	ChR2	↑	+	+	Jennings et al 2013a
	Vgat→LH	eArch3.0	↓	−	−	Jennings et al 2013a
	Vgat→VTA	ChR2	↑	/	+	Jennings et al 2013a; Jennings et al 2013b
	Vglut2→VTA	ChR2	↑	/	−	Jennings et al 2013b
CeA	Vgat→PAG	ChR2	↑	+ (prey pursuit)	?	Han et al 2017
	Vgat→RF	ChR2	↑	+ (chewing)	?	Han et al 2017
	Htr2a→PBN	ChR2	↑	+	+	Douglass et al 2017
PBN	CGRP→CeA	ChR2	↑	−	?	Carter et al 2013
	CGRP→CeA	Gi	↓	+	?	Carter et al 2013
	CGRP→BNST	ChR2	↑	/	?	Carter et al 2013
LHA	Vglut2→lHb	eNpHR3.0	↓	+	+	Stamatakis et al 2016
	LHA→VTA	ChR2	↑	+	?	Nieh et al 2015
	LHA→VTA	eNpHR3.0	↓	/	?	Nieh et al 2015
	Vglut2→VTA	ChR2	↑	/	−	Nieh et al 2015; Nieh et al 2016
	Vgat→VTA	ChR2	↑	+	+	Nieh et al 2015; Nieh et al 2016
	Vglut2→VTA	eNpHR3.0	↓	/	?	Nieh et al 2016
	Pdx1→PVH	ChR2	↑	+	?	Wu et al 2015
LHb	LHb→RMTg	ChR2	↑	−	−	Stamatakis and Stuber 2012
NAc	D1R→LHA	ChR2	↑	+	?	O’Connor et al 2015
	D2R→LHA	ChR2	↑	/	?	O’Connor et al 2015
	GAD→LHA	ChR2	↑	−	?	O’Connor et al 2015

Arc, arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus; AgRP, agouti-related peptide; BNST, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; CeA, central nucleus of the hypothalamus; CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide; ChR2, channelrhodopsin-2; D1R, d1 like dopamine receptor; D2R, d2-like dopamine receptor; eArch3.0, archaerhodopsin-3.0; eNpHR3.0, halorhodopsin-3.0; Gi, hM4Dq (Gi-coupled designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug); Htr2a, serotonin receptor 2a; LHA, lateral hypothalamic area; LHb, lateral habenula; MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor; NAc, nucleus accumbens; Oxtr, oxytocin receptor; PAG, peri-aqueductal gray; PBN, parabrachial nucleus; Pdx1, pancreas duodenum homeobox 1; PVN, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; RMTg, rostromedial tegmental nucleus; Sim1, single minded 1; Vgat, vesicular GABA transporter; Vglut2, vesicular glutamate transporter 2, VTA, ventral tegmental area;