(A) Glucose production from glycogenolysis, glycerol, and oxaloacetate. The asterisk in the T2D + VLCD bar indicates P<0.05 comparing gluconeogenesis from OAA between T2D and T2D + VLCD rats. (B) Gluconeogenic enzyme protein expression, normalized to GAPDH. (C) Endogenous glucose turnover under basal and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions. Comparisons between basal and clamp were performed using the 2-tailed paired Student’s t-test. (D) Suppression of hepatic glucose production in the clamp. (E) Ratio of phosphorylated Akt2 to total Akt2. In all panels, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. Data are the mean±S.E.M. of n=6 per group, with comparisons by the 2-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test unless otherwise specified. See also Fig. S2.