Table 2.

Statistical results regarding all outcome measures

Outcome measure	Studies N	Subjects N	Hedges’ g (95% CI)	p-value	I ²	Q-value (p-value)	Egger’s test
PANSS^a
Positive	9	561	0.32 (0.05–0.59)	0.02	54.24	17.48 (0.03)	0.11
Negative	9	561	0.40 (0.08–0.72)	0.02	67.23	24.42 (0.002)	0.03
General	7	526	0.46 (0.01–0.82)	0.01	74.01	23.08 (0.001)	0.005
Total	8	482	0.57 (0.41–0.99)	0.009	77.51	31.12 (<0.001)	0.05
Depression	2	135	0.14 (−0.20–0.47)	0.43	N/A	0.33 (0.57)	N/A
Cognition
Attention and working memory	4	352	−0.01 (−0.28–0.26)	0.92	27.25	4.12 (0.25)	0.66
Executive functioning	2	221	0.03 (−0.23–0.29)	0.83	N/A	0.42 (0.52)	N/A
Memory	4	361	0.12 (−0.11–0.35)	0.31	13.22	3.46 (0.33)	0.16
Psychomotor speed	3	303	0.28 (−0.26–0.81)	0.31	74.68	7.90 (0.02)	0.28
Verbal fluency	4	361	0.06 (−0.24–0.35)	0.71	41.58	5.14 (0.16)	0.83
Global cognitive functioning	2	256	−0.13 (−0.37–0.11)	0.30	N/A	0.22 (0.64)	N/A

N number, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Significant effect sizes in bold. N/A not applicable

^aNot all studies reported all PANSS scales, therefore, the number of studies varies between subdomains