Table 1.

Glycerol fermentation in single- and co-culture of Escherichia coli with Methanobacterium formicicum

	Consumed (mM)	Produced (mM)				Cell number (mL−1)
	Glycerol	Succinate	Formate	Acetate	Ethanol	E. coli	M. formicicum
Single culture
E. coli	4.6 ± 1.6	1.0 ± 0.1	10.7 ± 3.5	1.7 ± 0.9	9.6 ± 2.0	3.4 × 108 ± 0.4 × 108	ND
Co-culture
E. coli M. formicicum	53 ± 12.8a	8.0 ± 0.7a	0	7.3 ± 1.0	47.2 ± 16.1	1.1 × 109 ± 0.2 × 109	2.1 × 108 ± 1.2 × 108

Product analysis and cell growth were determined after 7 days of fermentation. Values report means ± standard deviations for three replicates

^aValue means a significant difference between single- and co-culture (unpaired samples t test, P < 0.05). ND, not determined