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. 2017 Sep 15;25(2):229–240. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2017.144

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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Mitochondrial biogenesis during osteogenic differentiation. MC3T3-E1 cells were induced to differentiate for 7, 14, and 21 days. (a) ATP content, (b) mitochondrial complex activities, (c) protein levels of PGC-1α and mtTFA, and (d) mitochondrial complex subunits were tested. (e) Cells were induced to differentiate for 7 days with rotenone, and ARS and ALP staining were performed to evaluate differentiation capacity. (f) Cells were induced to differentiate for 7 days with TTFA, and ARS and ALP staining were performed. Data are presented as the mean±S.E.M. from at least three independent experiments. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus relative control