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. 2018 Jan 10;8:256. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18433-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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IL-34 and CSF-1 induce equivalent macrophagic differentiation of primary monocytes. Human peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors were exposed to 100 ng/mL CSF-1 or 100 ng/mL IL-34 for the indicated times. (a,b) Macrophage differentiation was examined morphologically (fibroblastic shape) and by 2-color flow cytometric analysis. The percentage indicates cells that express both CD71 and CD163. (c) Macrophagic differentiation of monocytes from 3 different healthy donors was followed by 2-color flow cytometric analysis. The percentage indicates cells that express both CD71 and CD163. *P < 0.05 according to a paired student t test.