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. 2018 Jan 10;8:291. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18552-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Bar graphs showing main effects of facial expression on the P2 and on the N2–N3 components and of the intelligibility on the P3 component. (b) Bar graphs showing the effect of prosody on empathic reactions for each ERP component. Empathic reactions are shown as the difference between painful and neutral conditions. Error bars represent standard errors, asterisks significant comparisons, “n.s.” means “not-significant”.