Figure 2.

Viral Enhancement Is Dependent on Vanadium

786-0 cells were pre-treated for 4 hr with indicated concentrations of (A) various oxidized transitional metals and (C–E) vanadates from various sources prepared in a pH 7.4 buffer. In (A) and (C)–(E), cells were subsequently infected with oncolytic VSVΔ51 expressing GFP at an MOI of 0.01. (A, D, and E) Corresponding viral titers were determined 24 hr post-infection from supernatants (n = 3). (C) Corresponding GFP-positive cell counts 24 hr post-infection. (B) Structure of vanadium oxometalates are illustrated. (F) 786-0 were pre-treated with 200 μM of vanadate or mock and treated with chelating agent ascorbic acid (L-AA) or Tiron, then infected with VSVΔ51 (MOI, 0.01). Corresponding viral titers were determined 24 hr post-infection from supernatants (n = 3). Error bars indicate SEM. NS, no statistical significance; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA analysis; as compared to 0 μm or mock condition.