Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and infant anthropometry by maternal staturea
| Maternal stature <150 cm (n = 939) | Maternal stature ≥150 cm (n = 919) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic factors | ||
| Maternal age: mean (SD) | 25.50 (3.9) | 25.44 (3.9) |
| Maternal years of schooling: median (IQR) | 6 (0; 9) | 8 (4; 10) |
| Maternal occupation | ||
| Not working/housewife | 886 (94.3) | 879 (95.6) |
| Working | 53 (5.6) | 40 (4.3) |
| Family income per month in INR: median (IQR) | 4,000 (2,500; 6,000) | 4,000 (3,000; 6,000) |
| Type of family: nuclear | 354 (37.7) | 312 (33.9) |
| Religion | ||
| Hindu | 643 (68.4) | 548 (59.6) |
| Muslim | 292 (31.1) | 365 (39.7) |
| Others | 4 (0.4) | 6 (0.6) |
| Maternal weight at enrolment (kg): mean (SD) | 44.5 (8.9) | 49.9 (9.8) |
| Maternal height (cm): mean (SD) | 144.7 (3.4) | 153.9 (3.3) |
| Pregnancy‐related factors | ||
| Birth spacing for the current child | ||
| Primi | 317 (33.7) | 357 (38.8) |
| <24 months | 162 (17.2) | 160 (17.4) |
| 24–36 months | 210 (22.3) | 171 (18.6) |
| >36 months | 250 (26.6) | 231 (25.1) |
| Type of delivery | ||
| Caesarean | 136 (14.4) | 78 (8.4) |
| Vaginal delivery | 803 (85.5) | 841 (91.5) |
| Infant factors | ||
| Sex: female | 502 (53.4) | 537 (58.4) |
| Birthweight (g): mean (SD) | 2.32 (0.1) | 2.34 (0.1) |
| Birth order | ||
| 1st | 317 (33.7) | 357 (38.8) |
| 2nd | 227 (24.1) | 229 (24.9) |
| 3rd | 174 (18.5) | 161 (17.5) |
| >3 | 221 (23.5) | 172 (18.7) |
| Breastfeeding (at enrolment) | ||
| Not breast fed | 4 (0.4) | 5 (0.5) |
| Exclusive | 499 (53.1) | 476 (51.8) |
| Predominant | 279 (29.7) | 288 (31.3) |
| Partial | 157 (16.7) | 150 (16.3) |
| Intervention (zinc) received | 464 (49.4) | 464 (50.4) |
| Infant anthropometry | ||
| Infant length (cm): median (IQR) | ||
| 0 month | 46.0 (45.2; 46.8) | 46.3 (45.4; 47.1) |
| 3 months | 56.4 (55.1; 57.6) | 57.1 (55.7; 58.3) |
| 6 months | 62.4 (61.1; 63.8) | 63.4 (61.8; 64.8) |
| 9 months | 66.2 (64.5; 67.9) | 67.2 (65.5; 68.9) |
| 12 months | 69.1 (67.3; 70.7) | 70.3 (68.5; 72.1) |
| Infant stunting ratesb | ||
| 0 month | 404 (43.0) | 297 (32.3) |
| 3 months | 484 (52.3) | 290 (32.1) |
| 6 months | 429 (46.4) | 245 (27.3) |
| 9 months | 491 (53.3) | 305 (34.0) |
| 12 months | 559 (61.7) | 361 (40.9) |
Note. IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation.
a
The figures indicate numbers (%) unless indicated otherwise.
b
n were different in the two groups at different time points. At 0 month 939/919; at 3 months 924/901; at 6 months 923/896; at 9 months 921/896; at 12 months 906/881.